The invention discloses a bacterial culture and storage device applied to a high-humidity environment, and belongs to the technical field of bacterial culture.According to the scheme, in the bacterial culture process, a humidity monitoring mechanism monitors the humidity change in a sterile culture box through a humidity sensor, and if the humidity is too high, the sterile culture box is started; the air-drying moisturizing mechanism pulls a moving plate and a sealing plug to be far away from an air outlet through an electric telescopic rod, so that hot air accumulated in a heat conduction ball is released, discharged upwards under pulling of the moving plate and flows through the inner side and the outer side of the sterile incubator, the humidity in the sterile incubator is reduced, and humidity balance is kept; the liquid cooling humidity supply mechanism sprays potassium nitrate powder through an electric spray head, the potassium nitrate powder is dissolved in an aqueous solution, the temperature is reduced, water vapor in the monitoring cabin is liquefied when cooled, air is promoted to keep moist, under pushing of an extrusion push block, the moist air is extruded oppositely to flow, the dryness of the sterile incubator is reduced, and a constant-humidity environment is created. Growth and reproduction of bacteria are promoted, and the culture effect is enhanced.