142results about How to "Current smoothing" patented technology

Apparatus for controlling force applied to and for manipulation of a surgical instrument. Movement and / or forces applied to the surgical instrument are preferably sensed within the apparatus. An actuator is preferably used to apply force to the surgical instrument for control and manipulation of the instrument. The apparatus applies variable force feedback to apply force to the surgical instrument in one or more degrees of freedom to provide an enhanced haptic experience to the user.

A power converter for converting energy from a green power unit as e.g. a solar cell into energy fed into the commercial grid is described. The object is to provide a versatile modularized power converter with eased access to control of the power switches. Another object is to improve the electrical efficiency. This is achieved by using an independent controller on a DC / DC module and an independent controller on a DC / AC module, whereby the the two independent controllers communicate with each other and the outside world by means of a communication bus. Further, the DC / DC module of the power converter comprises a transformer which transfers energy from the DC / DC module to the DC / AC module. This design enables independent control of the modules and eases controllability of the power switches in order to suppress retroaction from pulsations generated on the mains when supplying energy to a single phase grid. Hereby the electrical efficiency of the power converter is increased. Also, an active snubber circuit is described which further increase the efficiency.

Apparatus for controlling force applied to and for manipulation of a surgical instrument. Movement and / or forces applied to the surgical instrument are preferably sensed within the apparatus. An actuator is preferably used to apply force to the surgical instrument for control and manipulation of the instrument. The apparatus applies variable force feedback to apply force to the surgical instrument in one or more degrees of freedom to provide an enhanced haptic experience to the user.

A method of controlling an electric machine that includes sequentially exciting and freewheeling a winding of the electric machine. The winding is excited in advance of zero-crossings of back emf in the winding by an advance angle, and the winding is freewheeled over a freewheel angle. The method then includes varying the advance angle and the freewheel angle in response to changes in the speed of the electric machine. Additionally, a control system for an electric machine, and a product incorporating the control system and electric machine.

A method of controlling an electric machine that includes sequentially exciting and freewheeling a winding of the electric machine. The winding is excited in advance of zero-crossings of back emf in the winding by an advance angle, and the winding is freewheeled over a freewheel angle. The method then includes varying the advance angle and the freewheel angle in response to changes in the voltage used to excite the winding. Additionally, a control system for an electric machine, and a product incorporating the control system and electric machine.

A method of controlling a permanent-magnet motor that includes sequentially exciting and freewheeling a winding of the motor. The method includes varying the angle over which the winding is freewheeled in response to changes in speed of the motor. Additionally, a control system for a permanent-magnet motor, and a product incorporating the control system and motor.

An electric system that includes a single-phase permanent-magnet electric machine and a control system for driving the electric machine under load at speeds in excess of 60 krpm. Additionally, a product that includes the electric system.

A method of controlling an electric machine that includes sequentially exciting and freewheeling a winding of the electric machine. The winding is excited by an excitation voltage and is freewheeled over a freewheel angle. The method then includes varying the freewheel angle in response to changes in the excitation voltage. Additionally, a control system for an electric machine, and a product incorporating the control system and electric machine.

An electric system that includes a single-phase permanent-magnet electric machine and a control system for driving the electric machine. The control system sequentially excites and freewheels a winding of the electric machine so as maintain substantially constant power over an operating speed range spanning at least 10 krpm and / or an excitation voltage range extending between a minimum voltage and a maximum voltage, the minimum voltage being less than 80% of the maximum voltage. Additionally, a product comprising the electric system.

A small and highly vibration-proof inverter capable of detecting a phase current without requiring the development of complicated control software and without causing any current distortion. Shunt resistors (15, 16) serving as a kind of current detector are provided, respectively, between lower arm switching elements (U, V, W) in two phases out of three phases and the minus side of a DC power supply. An identical ON period is reduced from the ON intervals of upper arm switching elements (U, V, W) in the carrier period entirely for three phases. Consequently, phase current is detected for two phases in phases provided with the shunt resistors(15, 16). The inverter can detect the phase current without complicating the control software and causing any current distortion by controlling an inverter circuit (10) with a control software incorporated in a control circuit (14) through connection lines (18).

In order to form a metal thin film, a silicide film, or the like between an upper-layer unit cell and a lower-layer unit cell in stacked-layer photoelectric conversion devices, a step of forming the thin film is additionally needed. Therefore, a problem such as decline in productivity of the photoelectric conversion devices occurs. A first unit cell including a single crystal semiconductor layer with a thickness of 10 μm or less as a photoelectric conversion layer and a second unit cell including a non-single-crystal semiconductor layer as a photoelectric conversion layer, which is provided over the first unit cell, are at least included, and conductive clusters are dispersed between the unit cells. The conductive clusters are located between the lower-layer unit cell and the upper-layer unit cell to form an ohmic contact; thus, current flows between the both unit cells.

Input / output devices with robustness of ESD protection are provided. An input / output device comprises an input / output pad, a first NMOS transistor, a second NMOS transistor and an ESD detector. The first NMOS transistor comprises a first drain, a first source and a first gate, wherein the first source and the first gate are coupled to a first ground power rail, and the first drain to the input / output pad. The second NMOS transistor comprises a second drain, a second source and a second gate, wherein the second source is coupled to the first ground power rail, the second drain to the input / output pad, and the second gate to a first pre-driver. When an ESD event is detected, the ESD detector makes the first pre-driver couple the second gate to the first ground power rail, thereby the first and second transistors evenly discharge ESD current.

An antenna is provided for acquiring RF signals from various satellite ranging systems including GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO and OmniSTAR®. The antenna configuration includes a radiating structure of multi-arm spiral slots terminated with fractal loops. A leaky wave microstrip spiral feed network is used to excite the radiating structure of the antenna. The fixed beam phased array of aperture coupled slots is optimized to receive a right hand polarized signal. The proposed antenna is made out of a single PCB board. The antenna has a very uniform phase and amplitude pattern in the azimuth plane from 1.15 to 1.65 GHz, therefore providing consistent performance at GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO and OmniSTAR® frequencies. The antenna also has a common phase center at the various frequencies from 1175 MHz to 1610 MHz and substantially the same radiation pattern and axial ratio characteristics.

Circuits and methods for current limited DC-to-DC converters having multiple power sources have been disclosed. One of multiple power sources is activated by a multiplexer. A current sensing unit, deployed close to the multiplexer, detects if an input current to the DC-to-DC converter has reached a current limit. In case the current limit is reached a signal is sent to the DC-to-DC converter to reduce the current drawn the DC-to-DC converter.

A small and highly vibration-proof inverter capable of detecting a phase current without requiring the development of complicated control software and without causing any current distortion is provided. Shunt resistors (15, 16) serving as a kind of current detector are provided, respectively, between lower arm switching elements X, Y, Z) in only two phases—and the minus side of a DC power supply. An identical ON period is reduced from the ON periods of upper arm switching elements (U, V, W) in the carrier cycle entirely for three phases. Consequently, phase current is detected for the two phases provided with the shunt resistors (15, 16). The inverter can detect the phase current without complicating the control software and without causing any current distortion, by controlling inverter circuit (10) with control software incorporated in control circuit (14) through connection lines (18).

A converter controller controls a switching converter. A current detection circuit generates a current detection signal VCS that corresponds to a coil current IL of the switching converter. An error amplifier amplifies the difference between the current detection signal VCS and an analog signal VADIM that indicates a current to be supplied to a semiconductor light source, so as to generate an error signal VERR. A hysteresis comparator compares the current detection signal VCS with an upper threshold signal VTHH and a lower threshold signal VTHL determined according to the error signal VERR, and generates a control pulse SCNT that corresponds to a comparison result. A driver drives a switching transistor according to the control pulse SCNT.

The invention discloses an overflow and anti-blocking dam structure for water conservancy projects. The overflow and anti-blocking dam structure comprises a dam crest, a dam middle body and a dam baseand is characterized in that a gate pier is arranged on the dam crest, a gate is arranged in the gate pier, a bridge for mounting gate opening and closing equipment is arranged on the gate pier, a control chamber is arranged on the bridge, a first overflow channel and a second overflow channel are arranged in the dam middle body from top to bottom, a third overflow channel and a sand discharge channel are arranged in the dam base from top to bottom, a bottom pier is arranged on the right of the dam base, a lower ogee section is arranged between the bottom pier and the dam crest, a generator set room is arranged on the bottom pier, a hydroelectric generator rotor is arranged on the generator set room, and a spiral conveying belt for conveying sand is arranged on the left in the sand discharge channel. The overflow and anti-blocking dam structure with the sand discharge device and the power generation device is high in sand discharge and flood discharge capacity, large in water storageheight and convenient to maintain.

The invention relates to a novel vortex-preventing cone for water feeding of a water pump, belonging to the technical field of hydraulic engineering. The vortex-preventing cone is arranged under a suction flared pipe nozzle of the water pump, the tip of the vortex-preventing cone is just opposite to the center of the suction flared pipe nozzle of the water pump, vortex-preventing teeth are arranged on the conical surface of the vortex-preventing cone, and the plane area of the vortex-preventing cone is more than the area of the suction flared pipe nozzle of the water pump. The uneven vortex-preventing teeth are arranged on the conical surface of the vortex-preventing cone, and the section shape of a rack of the vortex-preventing teeth is rectangular or triangular or trapezoidal. A cone axial line of a flat cone and a pipe core line of a suction flared pipe of the water pump are arranged on the same straight line. The invention has the advantages of simple and scientific structure and reasonable design; the primary basis of a vortex strip is destroyed from the starting point of the vortex strip, circular quantity of water flow in a water inlet region can not accumulate, and the condition of generating high-intensity vortexes is deprived, the water flow in the water inlet region is smooth, the pressure fluctuation is reduced, and the pump vibration is avoided. The invention is suitable for inlets of various water pumps, ensures no vortex or corresponding hydraulic vibration, reduces hydraulic loss and improves properties of pumps.

An electrical control system having a direct current to direct current regulator receiving a direct current supply input, wherein the regulator outputs a controlled voltage direct current inverter power feed. Included is an inverter in electrical communication with the regulator and receives the controlled voltage direct current inverter power feed, the inverter outputs an alternating current motor power feed to a permanent magnet brushless direct current motor that outputs a shaft rotational speed and a back electromotive force. Also, a control is provided for regulating the controlled voltage direct current inverter power feed based upon criteria utilizing the back electromotive force or an auxiliary motor stator wire loop signal in conjunction with an optional voltage look-up table to substantially make the controlled voltage result in a reduction of a pulse width modulation switching frequency to further smooth and reduce harmonic of the alternating current waveform to increase motor efficiency.

The present invention discloses an improved inductance-voltage clamping full-bridge soft-switch circuit, comprising a full-bridge converter, a transformer, an output rectifying unit, an inductor, a clamping resistor, a capacitor, a first clamping diode and a second clamping diode. The inductor includes a first winding used as an auxiliary inductor and a second winding used for clamping. The present invention greatly reduces the transient current stress on the clamping resistor by connecting a capacitor in parallel with the clamping resistor connected in series, thereby effectively enhancing the reliability of the clamping resistor and improving the reliability of the overall circuit.

An electric system that includes a single-phase permanent-magnet electric machine and a control system for driving the electric machine. The control system sequentially excites and freewheels a winding of the electric machine so as maintain substantially constant power over an operating speed range spanning at least 10 krpm and / or an excitation voltage range extending between a minimum voltage and a maximum voltage, the minimum voltage being less than 80% of the maximum voltage. Additionally, a product comprising the electric system.

The invention relates to an experimental tank system of a riparian zone, belonging to the field of physical model experiments in hydraulic engineering. The experimental tank system comprises a tank control platform, an experimental composite-type tank, dual-cycle water supply systems, a dual-level flow control system and a switching system. According to the invention, a cyclic surface water supply system and a cyclic underground water supply system which are independent can be used for effectively controlling surface water of rivers to circulate at a higher speed and underground water to circulate at a low speed, and thus river and river bank water flow environments which further accord with natural conditions are provided for a riparian zone experiment; the dual-level flow control system can be used for adjusting and controlling level and flow boundary conditions of the surface water of the rivers and the underground water of the river bank simultaneously, so that the problems that level and flow conditions of the rivers can be independently adjusted only in the traditional river dynamics experiment and level and flow conditions of the underground water can be independently adjusted only in the traditional underground water experiment; and the electronic intelligent switching system can be used for intelligently adjusting and controlling switch-on and switch-off as well as openness of relative power supply switches, valves, tail gates and the like of the experimental tank system. The experimental tank system disclosed by the invention has high automation degree and is provided with an experiment control platform which is simple and easy to operate, so that a user can finish related operations of the experimental tank system of the riparian zone in the same control interface; and the experimental tank system has a fault prompt function and is convenient for emergent measure taking and equipment overhauling.

The invention relates to a mine trackless transport locomotive used for underground subsidiary transport, which comprises a pre driver chamber and a post driver chamber, a driving device, a battery, a load-bearing wheelbarrow, a hoist apparatus, a hydraulic system, an electrical control system, etc. A traction motor in the driving device and a hydraulic pump motor of the hydraulic system both adopt three-phase AC motors, which are provided with AC by the battery through a transducer. The electrical control system comprises of a programmable controller, the transducer, a speed and direction sensor, a pressure sensor, a photoelectric conversion isolation plate, a dashboard, a display board, an intrinsic safety power source, an explosion septal and intrinsic safe electric control box, etc. The traction motor of the trackless motor and the hydraulic pump motor adopt alternating current motors which have the advantages of light weight, small size, low price, convenient maintenance and wide application. The direct current in the battery is transferred into three-phase alternating current by the transducer to reduce attack of starting current on the motors and the battery, prolong the service life of the motors and improve power factor. When the transport locomotive is running declivous, the kinetic energy can be transferred into electric power to charge the battery, so as to realize power regenerative braking.

An antenna is provided for acquiring RF signals from various satellite ranging systems including GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO and OmniSTAR®. The antenna configuration includes a radiating structure of multi-arm spiral slots terminated with fractal loops. A leaky wave microstrip spiral feed network is used to excite the radiating structure of the antenna. The fixed beam phased array of aperture coupled slots is optimized to receive a right hand polarized signal. The proposed antenna is made out of a single PCB board. The antenna has a very uniform phase and amplitude pattern in the azimuth plane from 1.15 to 1.65 GHz, therefore providing consistent performance at GPS, GLONASS, GALILEO and OmniSTAR® frequencies. The antenna also has a common phase center at the various frequencies from 1175 MHz to 1610 MHz and substantially the same radiation pattern and axial ratio characteristics.

An improved battery cell having electrodes with active surface areas communicating along an entire edge with conductors thereby minimizing resistance and allowing for communication of electrical current to and from the battery at a high rate with an even discharge from the electrodes. Electrical current is produced by a plurality of electrodes formed of active material adhered to a conductive substrate. The plurality of electrodes is then stacked or wound to a desired configuration with a porous separator separating each adjacent electrode from the other. Communication along the entire edge of the formed electrodes on the conductive substrate with a conductive edge portion of the substrate, provide for maximum current flow in and out of the battery as well as well as reducing thermal concerns in high current applications. Elongated electrical conductors best made from copper are attached to the positive and negative edge portions communicating with substantially the entire active portions of the electrodes to provide a means of electrical current flow to and from the battery.

The invention discloses a steel hydraulic river sluice which comprises a control system and a plurality of sluice gate units. Each sluice gate unit comprises a secondary concrete sluice gate groove, amain anchor bolt embedded part, a sluice gate body, a sensor, an oil cylinder, a swing oil cylinder, a hydraulic system and a limiting switch. All the sluice gate bodies harmoniously move on the whole. According to the river sluice, rising and falling of the multiple sluice gate units are automatically controlled; during outage caused by flooding, hydraulic oil can be pressed back to an oil tankthrough the self-weight of water, and the water level is controlled to achieve safe flood discharge; through the combined-type design, the installation process is simplified, no middle sluice pier isneeded, and maintenance is easy, convenient and feasible; the arc-shaped sluice gate bodies and a stiffened plate can effectively smoothen a water flow; the sluice is supported through the oil cylinders and the swing oil cylinders, and a foundation is simple; no mechanical bearing is needed, no guiding groove is needed so that a water seal cannot be blocked by sand entering of the guiding groove,and no space is occupied by a hydraulic arm; and information collected by the sensors is transmitted to the control system, and the control system sends an instruction to the hydraulic systems to automatically control the oil cylinders to adjust the elevation angles, namely the water retaining heights, of the sluice gate bodies.

An inductive power receiver 3 including at least two switches S1, S2 connected across a resonant circuit 802, the resonant circuit including an inductance and a capacitance, wherein a first switch S1 of the at least two switches is configured to switch into a first state based on a first event dependent on a receiver variable; and the first switch is configured to switch to a second state based on a second event independent of a receiver variable.

A cyclone separation dust cup, which includes a cup body and a cyclone tube, the cyclone tube being provided with an air inlet, an ash ejection outlet, and an air exhaust outlet; and the ash ejection outlet communicates with a dust storage cavity in the cup body, the air exhaust outlet with an air outlet positioned on the cup body through an air exhaust pipe, and the dust storage cavity with the air exhaust pipe. The dust storage cavity, by communicating with the air exhaust pipe, enables part of the air current entering the cyclone tube to enter the dust storage cavity in the cup body, thus producing suction in the ash ejection outlet of the cyclone tube that can draw the dust into the dust storage cavity. This enables the impurities with a lighter weight (e.g. hair and downy floc), which cannot fall into the dust storage cavity under gravity, to be inhaled into the dust storage cavity successfully, thus greatly improving the separating and filtering effect of this cyclone separation dust cup.

The present invention discloses a cyclone separation dust cup, which includes a cup body and a cyclone tube, the cyclone tube being provided with an air inlet, an ash ejection outlet, and an air exhaust outlet; and the ash ejection outlet communicates with a dust storage cavity in the cup body, the air exhaust outlet with an air outlet positioned on the cup body through an air exhaust pipe, and the dust storage cavity with the air exhaust pipe. The present invention, with the dust storage cavity communicating with the air exhaust pipe, enables part of the air current entering the cyclone tube to enter the dust storage cavity in the cup body, thus producing suction in the ash ejection outlet of the cyclone tube that can inhale the dust into the dust storage cavity. This makes the impurities with lighter weight (e.g. hair and downy floc), which cannot fall into the dust storage cavity under gravity, be inhaled into the dust storage cavity successfully, thus greatly improving the separating and filtering effect of this cyclone separation dust cup.