The invention discloses a dust detecting and screening device. The device comprises a base and a dust removing box, a rotating shaft is arranged in the dust removing box, a screening mesh cylinder sleeves the rotating shaft, a lifting machine is arranged on the outer side of the dust removing box, a feeding pipe is arranged on the lifting machine, and the feeding pipe penetrates through a sealingcover to communicate with the dust removing box; the screening mesh cylinder comprises screening mesh plates, supporting rods and two fixing plates, the screening mesh plates and the supporting rods are connected between the two fixing plates in a bridging mode, feeding holes are formed in the tops of the screening mesh plates, each supporting rod is hollow, air outlet holes are formed in the sidewalls of the supporting rods, the end parts of the supporting rods are connected with guide pipes, and the guide pipes communicate with air bags arranged on the inner side wall of the dust removing box; a section of transparent pipe is introduced into the portion, close to the sealing cover, of the feeding pipe, a branch pipe communicates with the lower side surface of the transparent pipe, the upper side surface of the transparent pipe is correspondingly provided with a light-emitting device and a photoelectric conversion device, the photoelectric conversion device is connected with an ampere meter, the ampere meter is connected with a regulating valve, and the regulating valve controls closing of the branch pipe and the feeding pipe. According to the device, whether dust in grain exceeds the standard or not can be detected, and automatic dust removing can be carried out after the standard-exceeding judgment is made.