The invention discloses an insoluble sulfur production system and method. The production system comprises a polymerization kettle, a quench tower, a washing filter and a dryer, a discharge port of the polymerization kettle communicates with a feed port of the quench tower through a pipeline, a discharge port of the quench tower communicates with a feed port of the washing filter through a discharge pump through a pipeline, and a discharge port of the washing filter is connected with a feed port of the dryer through a pipeline. According to the production system disclosed by the invention, granulation, curing, extraction and crushing processes are integrated, continuous quenching, curing and the like of the polymerized sulfur are realized, and the technological process is simplified. According to the method, the operation process is shortened, the purity, thermal stability and yield of the product are ensured, the blockage of a sulfur particle system is avoided, and the production process has the characteristics of safety, reliability, simple equipment and operation, low operation cost, obvious energy-saving effect and the like.