The invention relates to a dam break type debris flow dynamic evolution whole-process simulation test system. The system comprises a model box, wherein the debris flow simulation device is arranged ina centrifugal machine chamber, is used for simulating the whole process of debris flow power evolution, and comprises a storage box, a baffle, a sliding face, a blocking structure and a motor, the storage box and the blocking structure are arranged on the upper portion and the front side of the bottom of the sliding face respectively, the baffle is rotationally arranged at an outlet, facing the bottom of the sliding face, of the storage box, and the motor controls opening of the baffle; a data acquisition system which comprises a sensor arranged in the model box; and a high-speed camera system which is arranged in the centrifugal machine chamber and comprises a high-speed camera and a high-brightness LED light source. Compared with the prior art, the device has the advantages of strong simulation capability, capability of truly reproducing the whole dynamic evolution process of the debris flow, full automation, remote control, simplicity and convenience in use, low economic cost and the like.