The invention relates to a multi-element gradient composite high-first-effect 
lithium battery negative 
electrode material and a preparation method thereof. The negative 
electrode material is of a multi-layer core-shell structure, and comprises an inner core, a buffer layer and an outer layer. The inner core and the buffer layer of the negative 
electrode material are 
silicon-
oxygen compounds, and the outer layer is a 
carbon coating layer. The inner core and the buffer layer further contain 
lithium salt and 
magnesium salt, and the concentration of the 
magnesium salt is increased progressively from the inner core to the buffer layer to form gradient distribution. There is more 
lithium salt in the core of the negative 
electrode material, so that a large amount of 
active oxygen can be consumed,the initial coulombic efficiency of the material is effectively improved, and meanwhile, the 
ion conductivity of the material is improved. There is more 
magnesium silicate in the buffer layer, so that the initial charge-
discharge efficiency of the material is further improved, meanwhile, the 
magnesium silicate forms a high-strength protective layer, the 
structural stability of the material is enhanced, and the cycle performance of the material is improved.