The invention relates to a refrigeration thermal infrared imager and a power supply management method of the refrigeration thermal infrared imager. The refrigeration thermal infrared imager comprises an infrared optical system, a refrigeration infrared prober assembly, an imaging circuit assembly, a power supply management assembly, a GPS (global position system) module, a display module and a control panel; the refrigeration infrared prober assembly consisting of a focal plane infrared prober and a refrigerator is connected behind the infrared optical system; the imaging circuit assembly is further respectively connected with the GPS module, the display module and the control panel; and the power supply management assembly is respectively connected with the infrared optical system, the refrigerator, the imaging circuit assembly, the GPS module, the display module and the control panel. The refrigeration thermal infrared imager provided by the invention has the advantages as follows: hot switching and hot plugging of power supply can be realized, so that a target can be continuously detected and monitored; electric amount of a battery and external power supply voltage can be monitored in real time; a circuit board has no standby current after the refrigeration thermal infrared imager is switched off, so that the working time and the service life of the battery can be prolonged; the over-current, overvoltage, short circuit protection in power supply output, and manual charge and inverse charge protection of the battery can be realized; and the refrigeration thermal infrared imager uses isolation output, so that mutual interference and invalid power consumption can be reduced.