The invention discloses a positive sequence component-based three-phase inverter control method and a device, so as to improve the power supply quality of the inverter when unbalanced fault happens to the grid. The method of the invention comprises steps: a three-phase voltage positive sequence component is extracted and converted into a per unit value, computation is carried out between the per unit value and a power reference value, a d-axis current reference value and a q-axis current reference value are obtained, output current of the inverter undergoes Park transformation and then is compared with the current reference value to obtain a difference value, and after proportion integral control and Park inverse transformation, a three-phase modulation wave waveform is formed. The device of the invention is provided with a Park transformation and Park inverse transformation unit, a sinusoidal pulse width modulation unit, a positive sequence component extracting unit, a per unit value unit and a constant power control unit. Compared with the prior art, bad influences of negative sequence voltage on output features of the inverter in the case of unbalanced fault are eliminated, the control method is simplified, the response speed is improved, and the power supply quality of the inverter in the case of unbalanced fault is improved.