78 results about "Neuroglial cells" patented technology

The invention provides a neural stem cell (NSC) strain. The NSC strain can be isolated from animal brain tissues from different species. Embryonic stem cells (ES), induced pluripotent stem cells and other stem cells can be differentiated into the NSC. The NSC strain is characterized by quick proliferating and stable passaging; prolonged expressing biomarker proteins of Oct4 and Sox1; high efficient being differentiated into a plurality of neurons and glial cells. The invention further provides an establishing method and an application for the NSC.

Disclosed is an in vitro method of transdifferentiating an epidermal basal cell into a cell having one or more morphological, physiological and/or immunological features of a glial cell. Also disclosed are such transdifferentiated cells and cell cultures derived from them. A kit for converting, in vitro, epidermal basal cells into cells having one or more morphological, physiological and/or immunological features of a glial cell is also disclosed.

Provided is a composition for treating nerve damage-related diseases. The composition includes a human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cell as an active ingredient. The mesenchymal stem cell isolated and incubated from the human umbilical cord blood migrates to an injured area to be differentiated into a nerve cell or a neuroglial cell at the time of in vivo transplantation. Thus, the mesenchymal stem cell and a composition including the same can be effectively used in cell replacement therapy and gene therapy for treating diseases caused by nerve damage including a stroke, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic central nervous system disease and a spinal cord injury.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a neural stem cell and particularly discloses a method for inducing a human mesenchymal stem cell to obtain the neutral stem cell. The method comprises the step of sequentially cultivating the mesenchymal stem cell in first, second and third culture media to obtain the neural stem cell. The finally obtained neural stem cell expresses a mark of an early neural stem cell and can be differentiated to functional neuron and neurogliocyte.

The invention discloses an application of gastrodin to preparing medicaments for preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease, and pathological characteristics comprise neuro fibrillary tangles formed in cells, hyperplasia of reactive microglia and glial cell, and the like, wherein the extracellular deposition of amyloid A beta is the main pathogenetic reason of AD. An AD small mouse taking a gastrodin-containing fodder is substantially improved in spatial-memory learning ability, substantially reduced in A beta level in brain and serum, and substantially reduced in amyloid plaques and microglia in brain tissue, and thus it is indicated that gastrodin is capable of preventing A beta deposition and decreasing active components causing AD mouse brain gastrodin.

Compositions and methods for treating patients with pre-existing neuronal damage are disclosed. The compositions and methods use an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based gene delivery system to deliver glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to patients with neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease .

A micro fluidic device comprises one microstructure layer (5) and one cover layer (1), wherein the cover layer (1) is connected to the microstructure layer (5). The microstructure layer (5) comprises one bottom layer and a plurality of microstructures on it to position samples. The cover layer (1) comprises one top layer, one positioning well (6) and at least one inlet pool (4). The positioning well (6) is right above the microstructures and connected with each other. The inlet pools (4) and the positioning well (6) are connected by microchannels (3) which are formed between the microstructure layer (5) and the cover layer (1). The micro fluidic device can be applied in vitro fertilization, in determining how glial cells affect neurons, in constructing neural network and in detecting cell growth conditions.

The invention relates to the cytobiology field, and discloses a neuronal cell and neuroglial cell ordered co-culture device and a preparation method and an application thereof. The device includes a substrate and a polydimethylsiloxane stamper, wherein the polydimethylsiloxane stamper can be removably compounded on the substrate; the polydimethylsiloxane stamper includes at least one micropore unit, the micropore unit includes at least one first through hole perpendicular to the substrate and at least one second through hole perpendicular to the substrate, the first through hole and the second through hole are arranged successively, and the first through hole and the second through hole respectively with the surface of the substrate form grooves having one end with an opening; the distance between the first through hole and the second through hole is 500 [mu]m-2000 [mu]m. Neuronal cells and neuroglial cells are inoculated through the first through hole and the second through hole which are perpendicular to the substrate, uniformity of the two kinds of cells is easy to control during inoculation in regions, cell quantity which can be used is increased, a population effect is obvious, and observation and study are facilitated.

The present invention describes a dissociated cell culture system comprising cells of the hippocampus, one of the brain areas affected by Alzheimer's Disease (AD) or amyloid beta-related diseases. This culture system comprises hippocampal neuronal and glial cells from animal models of AD, particularly, but not limited to, double transgenic mice expressing both the human APP mutation (K670N:M671L) (mAPP), and the human PS1 mutation (M146L) (mPS1), and serves as a powerful tool for the screening and testing of compounds and substances, e.g., drugs, for their ability to affect, treat, or prevent AD or β-amyloid-related diseases. The effects of a test substance on the cells in this culture system can be quantitatively assessed to determine if the test substance affects the cells biochemically and/or electrophysiologically, and/or optically, and/or immunocytochemically. The present in vitro culture system is advantageous for AD drug screening, because it is rapid and efficient. By contrast, even in the fastest animal model of AD, pathology does not start before the end of the second month. If such in vivo animal models are used, it is necessary to wait at least the two month time duration or longer to test for drug efficacy for AD treatment or prevention. At the same time the present invention provides a tool for production of amyloid-beta that can be used for electrophysiological, behavioral, and toxicological studies.

The present invention discloses conjugated of glycine with glutamic acid receptor, and can activate the receptor, the number of glycines existed in the synaptic neural gap can be regulated by glycine transferase found in the neuroglial cell, so that the inhibitor of glycine transferase can increase the glycine in the synoptic neural gap, and can be used as medicine for activating glutamic acid receptor and for curing schizophrenia. Said invention also discloses a new compound with physiological activity, said new compound has inhibiting activity for glycine transferase of glycine cell and is produced by microbial fermentation.

The invention belongs to the field of research and development of polypeptide medicines and discloses a scorpion venom heat-resistant synthetic peptide and application thereof. An amino acid sequence of an SVHRP (scorpion venom heat-resistant peptide) is detected out from BmK (Buthus martensii Karsch) which is a traditional Chinese medicine; according to animal experiment verification, a scorpion venom heat-resistant peptide extract liquid sample has pharmacological activity in prevention and treatment of intractable epilepsy, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, the sample is subjected to LaGm composite and repeated fast magnetic separation prior to nanoLC-ESI-MS (nano-liter reversed-phase chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry) integrated mass spectrometry parallel experiment to detect out a polypeptide sequence formed by 15 amino acid residues. The scorpion venom heat-resistant synthetic peptide is prepared by solid-phase chemical synthesis, chromatography purification and mass spectrometry identification. An amino acid sequence of the scorpion venom heat-resistant synthetic peptide is as shown in SEQ ID NO.1 and keeps pharmacological activity and safety of the scorpion venom heat-resistant peptide, and the scorpion venom heat-resistant peptide also has a characteristic of biological activity in promotion of reverse differentiation of neuroglial cells into neural stem cells.

The invention relates to a method for inducing neural stem cells to be differentiated into neurons and astrocytes by umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. The method comprises the following steps: (1) culturing the third generation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; (2) co-culturing double antibodies by using DF12 and 2% serum for 24 hours, and then carrying out flow cytometry; (3) co-culturing and inducing into neural stem cells by using 2% of serum, 2% of B27, DF12, 20 ng/mL of EGF, 20 ng/mL of BFGF, 10 [mu] M of Forskolin, 1 mM of IBMX and 35 ng/mL of dbcAMP, and then adding differentiation factors; (4) detecting expressions of markers of four neural stem cells, namely Netin, PAX6, SOX1 and SOX2, by using immunofluorescence and fluorescent quantitative PCR; and (5) detecting the expression of the glial cell marker GFAP and the neuron marker MAP-2 by using an immunofluorescence technology and a fluorescent quantitative PCR technology. According to the invention, multiple factors are used in a combined manner, the addition amount is optimized, neurons and astrokeratinocytes can be differentiated at the same time, the marker is highly expressed, and the induction rate of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to induce neural stem cells is improved, so that the neural stem cells can be obtained to be used for treating neuronal injury diseases.

The invention provides an in-vitro artificial reflex arc structure and a construction method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of tissue engineering. The in-vitro artificialreflex arc structure which is clear in neuron network structure and high in signal propagation reliability is constructed in vitro by combining the advantages of high structural precision of a micro-protein pattern method based on micro-contact printing and stable formation of cultured synaptic connection; neuron axon extension is restrained and guided by utilizing a one-way threshold unit micro-protein mask pattern, so that the threshold value and direction of signal propagation in the in-vitro artificial reflex arc structure are controllable; micro-contact printing is carried out by adoptinga micro-mechanical arm, so that the requirement on the operation method is reduced, and the protein pattern is stable in formation; and the characteristic that the one-way threshold unit micro-protein mask pattern allows growth of dense neuron cell populations is utilized, so that an additional neuroglial cell layer does not need to be added to serve as a nutrient supporting layer of neurons during culture, the culture requirement of the in-vitro artificial reflex arc structure is greatly reduced, and the culture process is simplified.

The invention provides molecular tools to visualize, isolate, and manipulate the glial cells that are necessary for the formation, stability, and function of the synapse. The inventors identified a unique gene expression signature that distinguishes perisynaptic Schwann cells from all other Schwann cells. Using a combinatorial approach and coëxpressing two different fluorescence proteins, each using a different promoter, only those glial cells associated with the neuromuscular synapse are labeled.

Delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has provided benefits to Parkinsonian patients and is currently being tested in a Phase 1/2a clinical trial for ALS patients. However, chronic trophic factor delivery prohibits dose adjustment or shut off in the event of side effects. To address this, the Inventors engineered a stably integrating, third-generation doxycycline-regulated vector, allowing inducible and reversible expression of a therapeutic molecule Human iPSC-derived neural progenitors were stably transfected with the vector, expanded and transplanted into the adult mouse brain. The Inventors observed that the addition and withdrawal of doxycycline led to GDNF expression that could be induced and reversed multiple times, demonstrating that doxycycline can penetrate the graft and regulate transgene expression in vivo. The Inventors' findings provide a proof of concept for combining gene and stem cell therapy for effective modulation of ectopic protein expression in transplanted cells.

The invention provides a triterpenoid saponins compound, the molecular formula of which is C52H84O20 and the chemical name of which is 3b-O-[b-D-xylopyranose-(1-3)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-[b-D-glucopyranesyl-(1-4)]-a-L-arabopyranose] oleanolic acid (3b-O-[b-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-3)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-2)-[b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)]-a-L-arabinopyranosyl]oleanolicacid). An in-vitro antitumor test proves that the triterpenoid saponins compound has obvious inhibitory action on C6 rat spongioblastoma cell and four spongioblastoma cells: U87MG, U251MG, BT325 and SHG44, but has no influence on the growth of primarily cultured human neurogliocyte. The triterpenoid saponins compound can be used for preparing medicaments for treating glioma.

The present disclosure is directed to methods of restoring glial cell K+ uptake in a subject. This method involves selecting a subject having impaired glial cell K+ uptake, and administering, to the selected subject, a RE1 -Silencing Transcription factor (REST) inhibitor under conditions effective to restore glial cell K+ uptake. Subjects having impaired glial cell K+ uptake include those at riskof having or having a neuropsychiatric disease or disorder.

Methods of treating the effects of disruption of normal blood flow in the CNS in an individual subject in need thereof are provided according to aspects of the present invention which include administering a therapeutically effective dose of exogenous NeuroD1 to an area where normal blood flow has been disrupted. Compositions are provided including 1) a recombinant adeno-associated adenovirus expression vector comprising a glial cell specific promoter operably linked to a nucleic acid encoding a site-specific recombinase and 2) a recombinant adeno-associated adenovirus expression vector comprising a ubiquitous promoter operably linked to a nucleic acid encoding NeuroD1, wherein the nucleic acid encoding NeuroD1 is inverted and flanked by two sets of site-specific recombinase recognition sites such that action of the recombinase irreversibly inverts the nucleic acid encoding NeuroD1 such that NeuroD1 is expressed in a mammalian cell.