The invention provides a xylose preparation method. The xylose preparation method mainly comprises the following steps: treating a raw material containing celluloses and hemicelluloses so as to obtain a xylose-containing solution; destaining the xylose-containing solution by using activated carbon, and then purifying the xylose-containing solution so as to obtain a destaining solution; carrying out protective filtration and/or spiral-wound membrane filtration on the destaining solution, then carrying out single vaporization and concentration on the destaining solution, desalting by using electrodialysis equipment so as to obtain electrodialysis liquid, carrying out membrane concentration on the electrodialysis liquid so as to obtain a membrane concentrated solution, finally carrying out single vaporization and concentration, destaining by using the activated carbon, carrying out ion exchange and secondary vaporization and concentration, crystallizing and centrifuging so as to obtain xylose crystals. The xylose preparation method has the advantages that the acid-base consumption and the water consumption are reduced by using electrodialysis desalination and membrane concentration for replacing calcium carbonate or lime neutralization, primary ion exchange and primary evaporation and concentration in a conventional technology, water can be saved by 55-75%, and the sewage discharge is substantially reduced; and the purposes of energy conservation, consumption reduction, pollution reduction and clean and efficient production are realized by adopting the technology.