The invention discloses a grape vine winter shearing point detection algorithm, and belongs to the technical field of target detection. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, segmenting a grape vine area; step 2, refining and vectorizing a grape vine area; step 3, reconstructing a grape vine connection relation; step 4, finding grape vine branches needing pruning; step 5, determining bud points are detected, and pruning points. According to the invention, the SLIC superpixel method is adopted to segment the grape vine region and the background region in the grape vine image, and single pixel points are gathered into pixel blocks, so that the segmentation speed is greatly increased; color information features and texture information features are used as segmentation basis to train a BPNN classifier, so that the segmentation accuracy is improved; a refinement algorithm is adopted, so that the refinement time is shortened, the refinement precision is improved, redundant pixel points are reduced, and the single-pixelation of a refinement result is realized; according to the invention, the branch and trunk connection relation of the refined grape vine skeleton is reconstructed, redundant detection of other grape vine branches which do not need pruning is effectively avoided, and the efficiency is improved.