The invention discloses a sludge filter pressing device of a deep sludge filter-pressing dehydration system, and belongs to a sludge filter-pressing dehydration device. The sludge filter press comprises a filter pressing barrel and a press machine, wherein the filter pressing barrel is arranged below the filter pressing platform of the press machine, the press machine applies filtering pressure tosludge in the filter pressing barrel, and comprises a filter pressing oil cylinder, a filter pressing oil cylinder piston, a filter pressing platform, a filter pressing support column, a filter pressing bottom seat, a filter barrel guide rail and a filter pressing top seat, the filter pressing support column is connected between the filter pressing top seat and the filter pressing bottom seat, the filter pressing oil cylinder is connected to the filter pressing top seat, the filter pressing oil cylinder piston of the filter pressing oil cylinder penetrates through the filter pressing top seat, the filter pressing platform is connected to the end of the filter pressing oil cylinder piston, the filter barrel guide rail is arranged on the filter pressing bottom seat, and the filter pressingbarrel operates on the filter barrel guide rail. According to the invention, no chemical additive needs to be added in the dewatering filter pressing work of the sludge filter pressing device, the cost is effectively reduced, the operation is stable and reliable, the equipment automation degree is high, and operators do not need to operate on site.