The invention relates to the technical field of transformers, and in particular to a transformer based on non-Newtonian fluid cooling. The transformer comprises a shell, a transformer assembly, transformer oil, an aluminum shell, a heat conduction plate set, a circulating pipeline, a fixing frame, cooling fins, a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid return pipe, a sealing assembly, a buffer spring, a fixing frame, a top plate, a wiring end, a lightning rod and a base frame. The transformer assembly is fixedly installed inside the outer shell, a gap between the outer shell and the transformer assembly is filled with the transformer oil, the aluminum shell is arranged outside the outer shell in a sleeving mode, the heat conduction plate set is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the outer shell, and the circulating pipeline is fixedly installed on the heat conduction plate set. According to the transformer, the purpose of quickly cooling the transformer is achieved, the heat dissipation effect on running heat of the transformer can be improved, it is guaranteed that the transformer is always within the temperature range suitable for running, the phenomenon that the transformer is burntdown due to heat accumulation is avoided, and the service life of the transformer is prolonged.