The invention relates to a biomass briquette combustion system. The system comprises a feeding system, a boiler main machine, an economizer, an air preheater, a cyclone dust collector, a bag-type dust collector, an induced draft fan, a chimney and a control system; the feeding system comprises a closed bucket elevator, a closed storage bin, a closed scraper conveyer, a front daily material bin and a screw feeder; a variable-frequency motor is arranged in the screw feeder. Biomass briquette is separated from a combustion fire bed in the boiler main machine through the screw feeder, and the problem of tempering of traditional coal bucket type feeding is completely eradicated; double-layer high-pressure secondary air is designed in the boiler main machine, so that the biomass briquette can be fully combusted in a hearth; a convection section in the boiler main machine is designed to be of a wide-interval, sequential-arrangement and four-return-stroke design structure; the control system is used for automatically controlling boiler feeding, deslagging, hearth temperature, fire grate speed regulation and variable-frequency regulation of the variable-frequency motor and the induced draft fan according to set programs.