The invention discloses a pressure heating and refrigerating (high and low temperature) environment test box device, aiming at heating and refrigerating a test piece through a temperature control module inside an environment box main shell body, then displaying the obtained temperature data on a temperature display instrument located on a temperature control box through a temperature acquisition line, the data on the display instrument is fed back to a heating and refrigerating device, achieving the temperature control of the test piece, meanwhile an upper pressure head of a three shaft testing machine applies pressure to the test piece through a test opening on top of the main shell body in an environment box, then displays distorted data of the test piece on a dial indicator through a left distortion guide rod and a right distortion guide rod, achieving a radial distortion measurement of the test piece. The device comprises the upper pressure head of the three shaft test machine, the main shell body of the environment box, the temperature control module, the left distortion guide rod, the test piece, a support seat, the right distortion guide rod, the temperature acquisition line, the temperature control box, the temperature display instrument, a switch, an environment box door, a door handle, and the dial indicator.