The invention relates to a novel method for extracting stevioside efficiently and quickly. The novel method comprises the following steps of (1) drying stevia rebaudiana leaves, performing crushing, and performing screening with a 100-200-mesh sieve; (2) then performing soaking in petroleum ether under the stirring condition of 50-70 DEG C for 30-45min; (3) after filtration, performing leaching treatment on filtered substances in a sodium citrate solution which contains complex enzymes and of which the pH is 4-5, wherein the complex enzymes are cellulase/hemicellulase/pectinase and chitosan enzymes, the proportion of the four complex enzymes is (4-5) to (3-4) to (2-1) to (1-0.5), the ratio of the filtered substances (by weight) to a solvent namely water is 1 to (8-10), the content of the complex enzymes in a leaching solution is 0.5%-0.8%, the leaching temperature is 20-55 DEG C, leaching is performed for three times, the leaching time each time is 10-20min, an enzyme adding manner isa step progressively-decreased adding manner, during leaching, leaching equipment is used for performing leaching under high pressure, the intensity of pressure is set to be 200-350Mpa, during leaching, ultrasonic strengthening is adopted, the ultrasonic power is 400-500W, the frequency is 100-2000Hz, cold air is charged into the leaching solution, the flow of the cold air is calculated by using each volume of solutions to be extracted as the standard, and 100-300cm<3>/min is needed; and (4) adding a flocculant, performing a flocculation reaction, then performing filtration, performing decolorization, performing concentration and performing crystallization.