The invention discloses a method for erecting a girder on top of a main tower mound of a steel truss girder cable-stayed bridge, which includes the following steps: A10, an erection crane occupying support is erected beside the main tower mound, and a first erection crane is erected on the support; A20, a girder rod piece on top of a mound is hoisted from the surface of a river directly by using the first erection crane, and a third section of girder close to a position beside the erection crane occupying support is erected; and A30, the first erection crane is moved by using a walking device of the erection crane, erection of a second section of girder and a first section of girder is finished sequentially, a second erection crane is assembled on the first section of girder, and a fourth section of girder is erected by using the first erection crane. By means of the method, using time of a floating crane is shortened, a large number of slide girders, sliding cushion blocks and vertically-moving devices are not required to be arranged on a bracket beside the mound, work amount of temporary structures is saved, vertically-moving processes of the girders are reduced, working time is shortened, construction cost is saved, and effect of riverway water level is avoided.