The invention discloses a swine fever vaccine heat-resistant freeze-drying protective agent, and a preparation method and an application thereof. The heat-resistant freeze-drying protective agent comprises the following components: trehalose, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), gelatin, sodium glutamate, D-sorbic alcohol, polypeptone, L-arginine, vitamin C and water for injection and is prepared by dissolving and degerming. The heat-resistant freeze-drying protective agent is mixed with swine fever virus antigen liquid according to the volume ratio of 1:(08-1.2) and is frozen and dried after being packaged to obtain swine fever vaccine. The prepared heat-resistant freeze-drying protective agent is simple in formula, is easy to prepare, is suitable for large-scale production and has good protection efficacy on the vaccine. The prepared vaccine has the characteristics of safety and sterility, stable quality, heat resistance and long saving time. The swine fever vaccine heat-resistant freeze-drying protective agent solves the problems that the vaccine is required to be frozen at a low temperature, is not convenient to store and the like in the transportation process. Through the swine fever vaccine heat-resistant freeze-drying protective agent, the swine fever vaccine can be saved for above 30 months at a temperature of 2-8 DEG C.