44 results about "Drug levels" patented technology

A method and apparatus for reducing the workload of titrating drug to effect while leaving clinician users in control of a related procedure is described. A drug delivery device is controlled to achieve a target drug concentration at a selected site in the patient or a predetermined infusion rate waveform. The time profile of the target drug concentration or a predetermined infusion rate waveform is controlled by a drug state model that uses clinical heuristics to implement safe, pre-defined changes in the target drug concentration or infusion rate and user-commanded changes in target drug concentration or infusion rate. The invention allows time to assess the response of the patient to changes in drug level by making small incremental and conservative changes in drug level over time.

The present invention includes systems and methods for monitoring therapeutic drug concentration in blood by detecting markers, such as odors, upon exhalation by a patient after the drug is taken, wherein such markers result either directly from the drug itself or from an additive combined with the drug. In the case of olfactory markers, the invention preferably utilizes electronic sensor technology, such as the commercial devices referred to as “artificial” or “electronic” noses or tongues, to non-invasively monitor drug levels in blood. The invention further includes a reporting system capable of tracking drug concentrations in blood (remote or proximate locations) and providing the necessary alerts with regarding to ineffective or toxic drug dosages in a patient.

Patients are treated with 24-hour oral sustained release opioid formulations which, upon administration, provide an initially rapid opioid absorption such that the minimum effective analgesic concentration of the opioid is more quickly achieved. These sustained release opioid formulations include an effective amount of at least one retardant material to cause said opioid analgesic to be released at a such a rate as to provide an analgesic effect after oral administration to a human patient for at least about 24 hours, and are characterized by providing an absorption half-life from 1 to about 8 hours. A method of titrating a human patient utilizing these sustained release opioid formulations is also disclosed.

A wearable infusion device delivers a liquid medicament, such as insulin, to a patient. The device comprises a base that contacts a patient's skin, a reservoir arranged to contain a liquid medicament to be delivered to beneath a patient's skin, a pump that causes the medicament to flow from the reservoir, and a level indicator that provides an indication of medicament level.

Methods and compositions for developing a series of microfluidic, USB-enabled, wireless-enabled, lab-on-chip devices, designed to reduce the chain-of-custody handling of samples between sample acquisition and final reporting of data, to a single individual. These devices provide on-the-spot testing for micro- and nanoscale (molecular) analysis of blood, urine, infectious agents, toxins, measurement of therapeutic drug levels, purity-of-sample testing and presence of contaminants (toxic and non-toxic, volatile and non-volatile); and for the identification of individual components and formal compounds—elemental, biological, organic and inorganic—inclusive of foodstuffs, air, water, soil, oil and gas samples. These devices may be relatively inexpensive, ruggedly designed, lightweight and capable of being employed—depending upon the specific application—by individuals with limited training, in remote and extreme environments and settings: including combat zones, disaster areas, rural communities, tropical/arctic/desert and other inhospitable climates and challenging terrains. The device may be comprised of materials that are reclaimed, are re-usable and are recyclable.

Systems and methods are provided for monitoring a immunosuppressant drug level and renal function, hepatic function, or a combination thereof in a patient, comprising obtaining a small volume blood sample from the patient; determining the level of at least one immunosuppressant drug in the small volume blood sample and determining the level of a second immunosuppressant drug or analyzing the renal function, the hepatic function, or a combination thereof in the patient. In some embodiments, the immunosuppressant drug levels are determined using a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) procedure. Also provided are kits for use in any of the systems and methods described herein.

The present invention includes systems and methods for decreasing the pain and discomfort commonly associated with endoscopic procedures, where such procedures may be performed with lower dosage levels of sedative and analgesic drugs. The invention includes use of an anesthetic collar coupled to an endoscope with a flexible shaft. The anesthetic collar allows lubricants, local anesthetics, dyes, and/or other desirable fluids to be passed through the existing lumen of the flexible shaft into an annulus, where the fluid may be distributed through expulsion pores into the gastrointestinal tract. Utilizing the existing lumens found in endoscopes, the present invention allows those fluids that may reduce the pain and discomfort associated with endoscopies such as, for example, local anesthetics and lubricants, to be distributed in an even fashion throughout the gastrointestinal tract or throughout the length and circumference of the endoscope, where such fluids may reduce the drug level requirements for sedative and analgesic agents. Alternatively, the endoscope may be redesigned for streamlined integration with the anesthetic collar or to accomplish the same function of distributing local anesthetics and lubricants, in an even fashion throughout the gastrointestinal tract or throughout the length and circumference of the endoscope, The invention can also be used with endoscopes without existing lumens.

An anticancer pharmaceutical composition composed of pharmaceutic adjuvant and anti-metabolism medicine is disclosed. Wherein, the anti-metabolism medicine can effectively destroy DNA and/or protein synthesis and repairing function inside the tumor cell so as to inhibit the tumor cell growth, while the pharmaceutic adjuvant can mainly be biological compatible, degradable and absorbable macromolecule polymer, which can make the anti-metabolism drug to release slowly in the local tumor region in the degradation and absorption process, therefore it can both decrease considerably the whole body toxic reaction and sustain the local tumor effective drug level.

A complex formulation for oral administration comprising a sustained release formulation of an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor and a film layer for rapid release of an anti-hypertensive agent, the film layer being coated on the sustained release formulation, can achieve improved therapeutic effects of the anti-hypertensive agent by promptly releasing it, while maintaining a constant drug level of the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor in blood through a slow release. Accordingly, the complex formulation is useful for preventing and treating diseases such as hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.

The present invention relates to prodrugs of a wide variety of drugs and pharmaceutical compositions containing such prodrugs. Methods for minimizing locally mediated (from within the gut lumen) adverse gastrointestinal events associated with the underivatised drug and increasing the sustainment of plasma drug levels with the aforementioned prodrugs are also provided. Thus, the present invention relates to the use of prodrugs of a wide diversity of drugs (other than opioids) to transiently inactivate them and so reduce directly, locally mediated adverse gastrointestinal (GI) side-effects normally evident after administration of the parent compound. Additionally, such prodrugs may confer improved pharmacokinetics.

The invention discloses a percutaneous give drug system, which comprises: a drug storeroom, the gel drug layer comprises drug, solvent, transdermal accelerating agent and gelatinizing agent; one adsorption layer comprised solvent absorption material of solvent in absorbable drug storeroom; one isolating layer between drug storeroom and adsorption layer, which is of non-woven fabrics or semipermeable membrane to make solvent of gas or liquid pass through successfully; adsorption layer can joint isolating layer of drug storeroom in opposite directions of closing up to skin of drug storeroom. The percutaneous give drug system in this invention can increase drug level in drug storeroom of the system to elevate drug transdermal speed, as well as increase controlled release effect of percutaneous give drug and absolute bioavailability, enhance drug curative effect, decrease drug waste, and depress preparation cost of the system. The invention is fit particular to percutaneous give drug system for water-soluble drug of propranolol hydrochloride, verapamil hydrochloride and chlorpromazine hydrochloride.

The invention features a method for treating a patient having a cancer or other neoplasm by administering to the patient a composition that includes a phenothiazine and another active agent, where predetermined plasma drug levels are achieved and maintained for 12 hours or more.

The invention relates to a liver protecting and calming pill which has the efficacy of clearing heat and promoting diuresis, benefiting liver and removing blood stasis, soothing liver and relieving pain, removing jaundice and lowering glutamic-pyruvic transaminase, and is suitable for treating acute hepatitis and chromic hepatitis and the active components of which consists of the medicinal materials of stringy stonecrop, giant knotweed, red sage root and ganoderma lucidum, and a preparation method thereof. The liver protecting and calming pill prompts an organism to play the normal immunologic role, start a liver self-healing system, block autoimmune reaction and strength physique and anti-virus ability; recovers the normal detoxification function of the liver to cause normal operation of human body; resists liver damage to effectively inhibit the increase of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); and increases hemoglobin to obviously increase the Hb content of blood plasma. The liver protecting and calming pill keeps stable blood-drug level and fully play the drug effect according to the theory of long-term administration for liver disease and the 'sluggish characteristic of pills' .

The invention relates to a compound preparation for treating cold and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of medicines. The compound preparation contains a sustained-releasedosage form prepared by respectively selecting an ingredient from an adrenomimetic drug and an antipyretic-analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug, and a fast-release membranous layer formed by any ingredient of an antihistamine drug, wherein the membranous layer is coated on the sustained-release dosage form, the antihistamine drug has fast effect and long time of drug effect, better treating effect can be achieved by fast release of the fast-release membranous layer, and simultaneously, the constant drug level of the adrenomimetic drug and the antipyretic-analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug is maintained in blood by sustained-release releasing. Therefore, the compound preparation can overcome the symptoms related to the cold, including the symptoms of nasal obstruction, sneeze, nasal bleeding, sputum itching, lacrimation and the like with pain and fever.

Methods for the ophthalmic delivery of roflumilast. The inventors have made the surprising discovery that the administration of pharmaceutical compositions comprising roflumilast to the cornea preferentially delivers the drug laterally through the ocular surface and anterior tissues of the eye. In contrast to the delivery of roflumilast to the skin, which primarily travels transversely through the various tissues of the skin, or many other topical ocular pharmaceutical compositions which travel through the cornea to the aqueous humor, the delivery of drug to the eye to the cornea travels laterally to the ocular surface and anterior tissues of the eye. Such methods can result in elevated levels of the drug in the cornea and other ocular surface and anterior tissues of the eye (e.g., iris-ciliary body, sclera, conjunctiva, and aqueous humor) relative to the interior or posterior tissues of the eye.

In some aspects, the present invention provides methods for predicting whether a subject will develop autoantibodies to an anti-TNFα drug during the course of anti-TNFα drug therapy. In other aspects, the present invention provides methods for predicting the level of an anti-TNFα drug in a subject during the course of anti-TNFα drug therapy. Systems for predicting anti-TNFα drug levels and the likelihood of autoantibody formation during the course of anti-TNFα drug therapy are also provided herein. The present invention further provides methods for predicting a clinical outcome (e.g., endoscopic response) of a subject on anti-TNFα drug therapy.

An anticancer pharmaceutical composition composed of pharmaceutic adjuvant and enwrapped in anti-tumor drug is provided. Wherein the anti-tumor drug is tumor resistant antibiotic, the pharmaceutic adjuvant is mainly biological compatible, degradable and absorbable macromolecule polymer. The anticancer drug can be sustained released to local tumor region in the degradation and absorption process, as a result, it can both decrease whole body toxic reaction considerably and maintain tumor local effective drug level.

A sustained release formulation of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), comprising the SSRI as an active ingredient; a matrix comprising a water-soluble and erodible polymer, a hydrogel for shape sustenance and a pharmaceutically acceptable additive, the SSRI being embedded in the matrix, is capable of maintaining a constant drug level in the blood owing to the fact that the release of the SSRI follows zero order kinetics without initial burst release and such a release pattern is little affected by external factors such as gastrointestinal movements.