67results about "Scandium oxides/hydroxides" patented technology

Provided is a method of manufacturing a metal oxide film to be formed through the following processes: a coating process of forming a coating film on a substrate by using a coating liquid for forming metal oxide film containing any of various organometallic compounds; a drying process of making the coating film into a dried coating film; and a heating process of forming an inorganic film from the dried coating film under an oxygen-containing atmosphere having a dew-point temperature equal to or lower than −10° C.

Provided is a method of recovering rare-earth elements by which rare-earth elements can be recovered efficiently from a bauxite residue serving as a raw material and containing the rare-earth elements. Specifically provided is a method of recovering rare-earth elements from a raw material, the raw material being a bauxite residue produced as a by-product in a Bayer process, the method including: using a bauxite residue having a specific surface area of 35 m²/g or more; adding, to the raw material bauxite residue, a liquid leaching agent formed of an aqueous solution of at least one kind of mineral acid selected from sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and sulfurous acid, thereby preparing a slurry having a liquid-solid ratio of 2 to 30 and a pH of 0.5 to 2.2; subjecting the slurry to leaching treatment of the rare-earth elements under a temperature condition of room temperature to 160° C.; subjecting the slurry after the leaching treatment to solid-liquid separation, yielding a leachate; and separating and recovering the rare-earth elements from the leachate.

There are provided processes for preparing alumina. These processes can comprise leaching an aluminum-containing material with HCl so as to obtain a leachate comprising aluminum ions and a solid, and separating said solid from said leachate; reacting said leachate with HCl so as to obtain a liquid and a precipitate comprising said aluminum ions in the form of AlCl₃, and separating said precipitate from said liquid; and heating said precipitate under conditions effective for converting AlCl₃ into Al₂O₃ and optionally recovering gaseous HCl so-produced. These processes can also be used for preparing various other products such as hematite, MgO, silica and oxides of various metals, sulphates and chlorides of various metals, as well as rare earth elements, rare metals and aluminum.

The present invention relates to a process, method and plant for recovering scandium and ions containing scandium using an ion exchange resin from a feed stream. The feed stream may be, but is by no means limited to, a leach liquor or leach pulp.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for separating and refining scandium capable of efficiently separating and refining the scandium from a solution containing the scandium, with improved stripping, while securing separability (selectivity) of the scandium from impurity elements. The method of the present invention involves mixing a solution containing the scandium with an organic solvent containing a trioctylphosphine oxide to extract the scandium into the organic solvent; and mixing the organic solvent with a stripping starting solution containing any one or more of water, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and oxalic acid to strip the scandium from the organic solvent.

The invention discloses a method for purifying and refining high-purity scandium oxide from a scandium hydroxide intermediate product, which comprises the following steps: calcining the scandium hydroxide intermediate product to obtain crude scandium oxide; adding water into the crude scandium oxide for slurrying, adding inorganic acid to adjust the pH value to 1.0-3.0, and conducting filtering and washing to obtain first-stage leaching residues; putting the first-stage leaching residues into an inorganic acid solution, and conducting filtering to obtain a second-stage leaching solution; performing extraction and phase splitting on the second-stage leaching solution by using an extraction agent P350, and then performing reverse extraction and phase splitting to obtain a scandium-containingreverse extraction solution; adding an oxalic acid solution into the scandium-containing reverse extraction solution, adding a back-regulating agent to regulate the pH value to 0.5-2.0, and conducting filtering and washing to obtain scandium oxalate precipitate; and calcining the scandium oxalate precipitate to obtain refined high-purity scandium oxide. Aiming at the characteristic difference ofscandium oxide and impurity elements, the high-purity scandium oxide is prepared by combining the segmented leaching and extraction processes, so that the process flow can be greatly shortened.

A method (101) is provided for making a scandium-containing alloy. The method includes providing a molten metal (103), and mixing the molten metal with a scandium-containing precursor (113) which undergoes thermal decomposition at the temperature of the molten metal to produce scandium oxide, thereby producing a scandium-containing alloy.

The invention discloses a novel method of using a novel extracting agent to extract scandium oxide from titanium dioxide waste acid. The method comprises the following steps of: S1, preparation of rawmaterials: preparing a titanium dioxide waste acid water raw material and a concentrated sulfuric acid raw material; S2, sulfuric acid dissolution: adding water and a concentrated sulfuric acid solution into titanium dioxide waste acid water, stirring and mixing; S3, precipitation: adding a flocculating agent into the mixed solution, performing precipitation, and filtering the after-precipitationsolution; and S4, washing: adding water, sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide into the filtered solution, mixing and stirring, adding hydrogen peroxide, and continuously stirring. According to the method, a new extraction method is carried out by adopting dioctyl phosphate and tributyl phosphate to replace a traditional old extracting agent; during extraction, the separation effect is better, therecovery rate is high, the scandium oxide can be further purified, the extraction rate is increased from about 60% to 85%, and the price of the dioctyl phosphate and the tributyl phosphate is low; andfurthermore, the added flocculating agent is cheap and practical, and the flocculating agent is non-toxic and high in flocculating capacity.

The invention relates to a full resource utilization process of titanium white waste acid. The process specifically comprises the following steps: (1) reducing and leaching manganese oxide ore by using titanium white waste acid and ferrous sulfate to prepare an iron oxide normal-temperature desulfurizer; (2) carrying out magnesium soap extraction on a leached ferric manganese sulfate solution to separate iron and manganese; and (3) treating with an organic phase extractant to respectively recover vanadium, titanium, iron and scandium. The process has the advantages that P204/507 is adopted toextract and vanadium, titanium and scandium ions of the enriched titanium white waste acid, full resource utilization of the titanium white waste acid in the real sense is achieved, no new three-wasteproducts are generated, the concepts of energy conservation and environmental protection are met, and the process has a good popularization prospect in the technical field.

The invention relates to a method for full resource utilization of red mud. The method for full resource utilization of the red mud specifically comprises the following steps of 1) washing the red mudto recover sodium hydroxide; 2) stirring and leaching out red mud washing residues in a concentrated acid rotary kiln; 3) using the leaching residues obtained in the step 2) for producing sodium silicate and building ceramsite; 4) adjusting the pH value of a leaching solution by using liquid ammonia or ammonia water to precipitate aluminum ammonium sulfate; 5), precipitating an aluminum ammoniumsulfate solution to produce iron oxide red; 6) enriching scandium, vanadium, titanium and gallium through ion exchange; and 7) carrying out MVR evaporative crystallization of ammonium sulfate. The method for full resource utilization of the red mud has the advantages that the pigment-grade iron oxide red with bright color can be obtained without calcining the produced iron oxide red, large-particle smelting-grade aluminum oxide and artificial cryolite can be produced, industrial-grade pure oxides of titanium, scandium, vanadium, gallium, rhenium and rare earth can be produced, full resource recovery of the red mud can be truly realized, the process is simple, the cost is low, and large-scale production is easy.

The invention discloses a method for extracting high-purity scandium oxide from scandium-containing nickel-cobalt hydroxide through a short process. The method comprises the following steps: curing and leaching scandium-containing nickel-cobalt hydroxide by using concentrated sulfuric acid to obtain scandium-containing nickel-cobalt leachate; performing scandium extraction treatment on the scandium-containing nickel cobalt leaching solution by using an organic extraction agent to obtain a nickel cobalt sulfate solution and a scandium-containing organic phase; performing countercurrent washing on the scandium-containing organic phase by using a detergent to obtain a washing solution and a purified scandium-containing organic phase; subjecting the purified scandium-containing organic phase to first countercurrent reverse extraction treatment through a first reverse extraction agent, so as to obtain first scandium-containing reverse extraction liquid and a first reverse extraction organic phase; performing second countercurrent reverse extraction treatment on the first reverse extraction organic phase by using a second reverse extraction agent to obtain second scandium-containing reverse extraction liquid and a second reverse extraction organic phase; respectively carrying out scandium precipitation treatment on the first scandium-containing reverse extraction liquid and the second scandium-containing reverse extraction liquid by using oxalic acid to obtain scandium oxalate precipitate; and calcining the scandium oxalate precipitate to obtain scandium oxide. By adopting the method, scandium oxide with the purity of 99.99% can be extracted.

According to this method for recovering scandium, an acidic solution containing scandium is used and a scandium dissolution liquid after purification is obtained by a double sulfate precipitation step, and scandium is recovered from the obtained scandium dissolution liquid, as follows: [A] A precipitation step wherein sodium sulfate is added into the acidic solution containing scandium, so that a precipitate of a scandium double sulfate is obtained; [B] A neutralization step wherein pure water is added to the precipitate of a scandium double sulfate obtained in the precipitation step to dissolve the precipitate of a scandium double sulfate therein, and scandium hydroxide is obtained by adding a neutralizing agent into the obtained dissolution liquid; and [C] A re-dissolution step wherein an acid is added to the scandium hydroxide obtained in the neutralization step, so that a scandium dissolution after purification, in which the scandium hydroxide is dissolved, is obtained.

The invention relates to a method for producing a scandium-containing concentrate from the wastes of alumina production and extracting high-purity scandium oxide from the same. Provided is a method for producing a scandium-containing concentrate from a red mud, wherein the Sc₂O₃ content therein is least of 15 wt. % (in terms of dry matter), the TiO₂ content not more than 3 wt. % (in terms of dry matter), the ZrO₂ content not more than 15 wt. % (in terms of dry matter), and wherein scandium in the concentrate is in form of a mixture of Sc(OH)₃ hydroxide with ScOHCO₃×4H₂O. Also provided is a method for producing high-purity scandium oxide, with a purity of approximately 99 wt. %.

Provided is a method for obtaining high-purity scandium oxide efficiently from a solution containing scandium. The method for producing high-purity scandium oxide of the present invention has a first firing step S12 for subjecting a solution containing scandium to oxalation treatment using oxalic acid and firing the obtained crystals of scandium oxalate at a temperature of 400 to 600° C., inclusive, a dissolution step S13 for dissolving the scandium compound obtained by firing in one or more solutions selected from hydrochloric acid and nitric acid to obtain a solution, a reprecipitation step S14 for subjecting the solution to oxalation treatment using oxalic acid and generating a reprecipitate of scandium oxalate, and a second firing step S15 for firing the reprecipitate of obtained scandium oxalate to obtain scandium oxide.

The invention discloses a purification method of crude scandium oxide, which comprises the following steps of (1) first-stage acid leaching: adding water into crude scandium oxide to regulate the slurry, adding inorganic acid to regulate the pH value of the slurry to 1.0-3.0, reacting, and filtering to obtain first-stage leaching residues and a first-stage leaching solution, (2) second-stage acidleaching: putting the obtained first-stage leaching residues into an inorganic acid solution, and reacting to obtain a scandium-rich second-stage leaching solution, (3) oxalic acid scandium precipitation: adding an oxalic acid solution into the second-stage leaching solution, adding a back-regulating agent to regulate the pH value of the reaction material to 0.5-2.0, and filtering after reaction to obtain scandium oxalate precipitate; and (4) calcining: drying the obtained scandium oxalate precipitate, and calcining to obtain purified and refined scandium oxide. According to the method, the difference between the acid solubility of the impurities and the acid solubility of scandium oxide is effectively utilized, the impurities and scandium oxide are leached out separately, the impurity separation effect is good, the existing scandium oxide purification process and operation process are greatly simplified, and the operation cost is saved to a certain extent.

The present invention relates to an electrochemical catalyst structure and a method for producing the same. The electrochemical catalyst structure may include a catalyst layer including a perovskite based oxide as an electrochemical oxygen reduction catalyst; and a modifying layer being in contact with the catalyst layer and including a transition metal oxide capable of chemical interaction with a metal of the perovskite based oxide through electron orbital hybridization.