25 results about "Preferential adsorption" patented technology

This invention relates to the field of aqueous metal battery technology, specifically to an aqueous tin metal battery electrolyte containing metal sulfate additives, its preparation method, and its application. The electrolyte is based on an alkaline electrolyte (such as KOH) and soluble tin salts (such as SnSO4, SnCl2), with added metal sulfates such as Li2SO4, ZnSO4, K2SO4, MnSO4, or Na2SO4 as additives at a concentration of 0.01 mol / L to 0.5 mol / L. The metal cations preferentially adsorb onto the surface of the metal anode to form an electrostatic shielding layer, regulating metal ion deposition behavior, inhibiting the formation of "dead tin," and significantly improving the battery's cycle stability and coulombic efficiency.

This invention belongs to the field of acidic wastewater treatment technology, specifically disclosing a purification device for acidic wastewater using phosphogypsum filtration. The device includes a sedimentation tank with a baffle plate inside, a reinforcing frame fixedly connected to the outer wall of the sedimentation tank, and several drain pipes connected to one side of the lower end of the sedimentation tank. The key feature is that a filter assembly for adjusting the filtration sequence is provided on one side of the sedimentation tank. One end of the filter assembly is equipped with a feeding component for different filtration sequences. The filter assembly includes a drain pipe fixedly installed on one side of the sedimentation tank. A servo motor drives a transmission plate to rotate the filter cake 180 degrees. The process of "gypsum filter cake preferential neutralization" or "activated carbon filter cake preferential adsorption" can be switched simply by adjusting the filter cake sequence. This eliminates the need for two separate sets of equipment, directly reducing the initial cost of equipment purchase and installation, while also saving the factory space required for two sets of equipment, thus reducing the company's initial investment and site constraints.

The application discloses an intermediate processing liquid for an electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG) production line and a chemical gold preparation method. The intermediate processing liquid is applied between the electroless nickel plating and immersion gold processes, and comprises (a) a pH buffer and a metal ion complexing agent: a total concentration of 50-150 g / L; (b) an adsorptive corrosion inhibitor: a concentration of 0.5-5.0 g / L; (c) a low-foam non-ionic surfactant: a concentration of 0.01-10 g / L; (d) an auxiliary antioxidant: a concentration of 0.5-30 g / L; (e) a dissolving agent: a concentration of 1-50 ml / L; (f) a pH regulator: an appropriate amount, which is added to maintain the pH value of the intermediate processing liquid at 4.0-6.5; and (g) deionized water: a balance, so that the concentrations of the above components reach the set target values; and the intermediate processing liquid has a design use temperature of 20-45 DEG C. The intermediate processing liquid removes residual nickel ions on the board surface and in micropores through strong complex cleaning, and blocks the pollution to the subsequent gold tank; meanwhile, the preferential adsorption of the corrosion inhibitor molecules at the nickel layer grain boundaries forms a controllable molecular-level protective film, effectively adjusts the immersion gold replacement reaction kinetics, and prevents the occurrence of intergranular corrosion (black plate).

The application discloses a kind of high charge coagulant aid synergic PAC's power plant raw water processing method, belong to water treatment technical field.To solve the charge neutralization capacity of existing separate PAC process insufficient, large reagent consumption, effluent aluminum residual risk higher problem, the application simultaneously adds the organic coagulant aid with PAC reagent in raw water, and the charge density of organic coagulant aid is higher than PAC;Organic coagulant aid is preferentially adsorbed on the surface of negatively charged colloidal particles to realize rapid charge neutralization and destabilization, and then combined with PAC to form dense alum flower, significantly reducing PAC demand.The system uses "flow rate proportional feedforward + turbidity feedback" algorithm to automatically adjust the dosage, and controls the proportion by seasons, which can reduce PAC consumption by more than 60%, the turbidity of produced water is stable below 0.6NTU, significantly reducing the operation cost and aluminum residual risk, ensuring the safety of subsequent system, and the alum flower settles quickly, and the effluent water quality is stable and excellent.

This invention discloses a carbon monoxide sensor and its filter preparation method. The filter comprises an activated carbon cloth layer and a thin film layer formed by slurry printing; the slurry contains, by mass, 20-60 parts of metal oxide, 5-10 parts of binder, 8-15 parts of dispersant, 40-80 parts of carrier, and 50-80 parts of solvent. In the preparation process, the metal oxide and dispersant are first mixed in ultrapure water, dried at 135°C, and crushed. Then, the mixture is ball-milled with the binder, carrier, and solvent to obtain the slurry. Finally, the slurry is printed onto a breathable substrate using a steel mesh or screen printing process to form a film. This sensor utilizes the activated carbon cloth to preferentially adsorb most organic vapors. Simultaneously, the metal oxide, after modification with the dispersant, has increased surface active sites, which can further catalyze the oxidation or chemical adsorption of residual organic vapors, effectively suppressing their poisoning or cross-interference on the electrochemical electrode. The printed thin film is dense and uniform, and combined with the ball milling composite process, it significantly improves the resistance to organic vapor interference, ensuring the selectivity and long-term stability of CO detection.

This application belongs to the field of batteries and discloses a secondary battery. The secondary battery includes a negative electrode and an electrolyte. The negative electrode includes a silicon-based material containing nitrogen, with a nitrogen content A% satisfying 0.05 ≤ A ≤ 4.8. The electrolyte includes a compound of formula (I), with a mass content B% satisfying 0.01 ≤ B ≤ 6. This application combines an appropriate amount of nitrogen-containing silicon-based material with an electrolyte containing the compound of formula (I). This allows for the utilization of the high specific capacity advantage of silicon-based materials while improving the electron and lithium-ion transport rate in the negative electrode, preventing negative electrode cracking and pulverization. The nitrogen-containing silicon-based material preferentially adsorbs the compound of formula (I) and promotes its reduction and ring-opening, forming a stable organic-inorganic composite SEI film with high ionic conductivity. This synergistically optimizes interfacial lithium-ion transport, suppresses interfacial side reactions and impedance increases at high rates, and thus improves the battery's rate performance and cycle stability. Formula (I)

This utility model discloses a carbon dioxide drying and dehydration device, including a base plate. Four support columns are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the base plate. A processing shell is fixedly connected to the top of each of the four support columns. A mounting plate is fixedly connected to the outer surface of two of the support columns. A regeneration mechanism is provided inside the processing shell and on the outer surface of the mounting plate. Two conduits are fixedly connected to the outer surface of the processing shell. This device utilizes a cyclone separator and a condenser to remove free water and large particulate impurities from carbon dioxide. A modified molecular sieve plate preferentially adsorbs polar water, while a highly active silica gel plate adsorbs residual trace amounts of water. The hydrophobic coating inside the adsorbent particle plate reduces false saturation caused by contact between carbon dioxide and the adsorbent surface, extending the single adsorption cycle. Nitrogen gas generated by a nitrogen generator carries the desorbed water into a discharge pipe, from which it is discharged from the processing shell.

This invention belongs to the field of natural gas hydrate inhibition, specifically relating to an arylimine-type natural gas hydrate inhibitor, its preparation method, and its application. The technical solution of this invention is as follows: An arylimine-type natural gas hydrate inhibitor is prepared using chitosan, 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride, and aromatic aldehydes as raw materials. This invention utilizes the excellent green biodegradability of chitosan by introducing cationic surfactants and aromatic aldehydes to modify chitosan, disrupting the original cage-like ordered structure of water molecules required for hydrate formation. Simultaneously, the amino groups inherent in chitosan can preferentially adsorb onto the surface of hydrate crystal nuclei, hindering hydrate growth. This further improves the hydrate inhibition effect while retaining the excellent green biodegradability of chitosan itself, solving the problems of poor degradability, low inhibition effect, and high cost of current hydrate inhibitors.

The application discloses a gradient ion adsorption mixing method of high-tungsten-based multi-element alloy powder and a core-shell structure powder. In view of the problems of mixing segregation (CV>15%), rare earth oxidation (>1200ppm) and interface brittleness, a three-step method is adopted: 1. surface hydroxylation: H2O230vol%+HNO3 etching makes the tungsten powder hydrophilic (contact angle≤10°); 2. pH gradient adsorption: step-by-step pH control (pH 3.0-4.0 preferentially adsorbs rare earths→pH 6.0-8.0 adsorbs light metals); 3. in-situ reduction: gradient heating in a hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere to generate a core-shell structure. The obtained powder has a coating rate of ≥95% (SEM-EDS), an oxygen content of ≤800ppm (ASTM E1019) and a W / Al distribution CV value of ≤4.2% (GB / T 5060). The powder is suitable for high-end fields such as military or aerospace.

This invention discloses a MOF-type molecular sieve adsorbent, its preparation method, and its applications, belonging to the field of adsorbent material technology. The raw materials used in the synthesis of the MOF-type molecular sieve adsorbent prepared by this invention are relatively inexpensive, and the trifluoromethyl functional group can act as a constituent unit to regulate the pore size of the MOF material. The channel size in the crystal structure of the MOF-type molecular sieve adsorbent lies between the molecular dynamics sizes of perfluoropropylene and perfluoropropane, providing a structural basis for the adsorption and separation process of sieving perfluoropropylene from perfluoropropane. Furthermore, the presence of hydrogen bonding sites within the channels and the restriction of the pore size by the trifluoromethyl functional group facilitates the entry of perfluoropropylene molecules with smaller dynamic sizes, and strengthens the interaction between perfluoropropylene gas molecules and the framework. This achieves preferential adsorption of perfluoropropylene gas from the perfluoropropylene / perfluoropropane mixture, purifying the perfluoropropane component in the mixture and reducing the energy consumption of the separation process.

This invention discloses a fluorite crystal impurity leachate based on microbial metabolites and its preparation process, relating to the field of fluorite crystal impurity leachate preparation technology. The raw materials include: microbial metabolic fermentation broth, chelation solution, synergistic solution, modified glucosamine magnesium phosphate microsphere slurry, modified hydroxyapatite nanosphere slurry, modified hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether slurry, and deionized water. In this invention, the addition of modified glucosamine magnesium phosphate microsphere slurry significantly improves the dispersibility and stability of the microspheres, enabling in-situ adsorption of free fluoride ions in the system, eliminating the inhibitory effect of fluoride ions on microbial metabolism, and simultaneously helping to stabilize the pH of the leaching system, providing a suitable environment for impurity leaching. It also synergistically enhances the solid-liquid separation effect without reducing the grade of fluorite concentrate. The addition of modified hydroxyapatite nanosphere slurry provides excellent selective adsorption capacity, preferentially adsorbing difficult-to-remove impurities such as quartz and silicates, improving the precision of deep impurity removal.

This disclosure discloses an aqueous high-voltage electrolyte and its preparation method, as well as a supercapacitor, belonging to the field of supercapacitor technology. The preparation method of the aqueous high-voltage electrolyte includes: adding an electrolyte salt to deionized water and stirring until the electrolyte salt is completely dissolved to obtain a mixed solution; adding a high-voltage additive and a hydrogen-eliminating additive to the mixed solution, and stirring to obtain the aqueous high-voltage electrolyte. This disclosure utilizes the synergistic effect of two additives, which preferentially adsorb at the electrode / electrolyte interface. By adjusting the interfacial double-layer structure, disrupting the hydrogen bond network of water molecules, or forming a protective layer, these additives effectively increase the water decomposition overpotential, thereby achieving a stable widening of the operating voltage window without significantly altering the basic composition and physicochemical properties of the electrolyte.

The application discloses a perovskite / high polymer pervaporation composite membrane and a preparation method thereof. The perovskite / high polymer pervaporation composite membrane is prepared by taking silica sol with a certain particle size as a precursor to prepare perovskite, then mixing the dispersed perovskite with a high polymer solution and a crosslinking agent, and coating the mixture to obtain the perovskite / high polymer pervaporation composite membrane. The perovskite contained in the pervaporation composite membrane is a highly hydrophilic material, has the property of preferentially adsorbing water, and the porous perovskite is highly dispersed in the matrix and has the property of promoting the diffusion of water molecules. The surface of the membrane and the membrane can also form special channels for water molecule transmission through the "through" effect of the perovskite, so that the permeation flux and selectivity of the pervaporation composite membrane to the separated components can be simultaneously increased.

The present application relates to the preparation of composite membranes and the separation of methanol dehydration technology, aiming at providing a preparation method of zinc ion hydrophilic metal organic framework mixed polyvinyl alcohol composite membrane. Including: Zn(NO3)2.6H2O, PVP and 2-cyano imidazole are reacted, and the reaction product is sequentially subjected to amidation modification and hydroxyl modification reaction to obtain a zinc ion hydrophilic metal organic framework, which has a microstructure of being externally modified by hydroxyl and amide groups and internally hollow; polyether sulfone ultrafiltration membrane is used as a support membrane, polyvinyl alcohol solution containing the organic framework is dried on the upper part of the support membrane to form a polyvinyl alcohol mixed matrix membrane, and the composite membrane is formed by cross-linking at the contact interface. The present application can preferentially adsorb water molecules and improve the solubility of water in the membrane; water molecules can be selectively passed through, effectively improving the permeability and selectivity of the polyvinyl alcohol membrane to water, and high-purity methanol products can be obtained after cyclic dehydration; by adding MOF fillers and interfacial cross-linking, the present application can maintain good mechanical, chemical and thermal stability.

The present application relates to the field of aquaculture technology, and more particularly to a bentonite adsorption composite material, a preparation method thereof and application thereof in the field of aquaculture. The bentonite adsorption composite material provided by the present application uses macroporous resin as an adsorption matrix, and then introduces bentonite and composite nanocarbon into the pore channel of the macroporous resin. Part of the composite nanocarbon is adsorbed on the surface of the bentonite, and the remaining composite nanocarbon is adsorbed on the surface of the pore channel of the macroporous resin, forming a stable overall structure. The composite nanocarbon is composed of reduced graphene oxide and fullerene on the surface of the reduced graphene oxide, and has the effect of enhancing adsorption and selective adsorption on bentonite and macroporous resin. The bentonite adsorption composite material provided by the present application has selective adsorption on heavy metals, and when multiple pollutants exist at the same time, the heavy metals will be preferentially adsorbed, and then other pollutants will be adsorbed without selectivity. The overall adsorption capacity is large, the adsorption cost is relatively low, and the application prospect is broad.

The application discloses a hydroxyl-functionalized ceria supported noble metal electrocatalyst and a preparation and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of electrocatalytic materials, and comprises the following steps: dissolving sodium hydroxide in ultrapure water to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution, then adding CeO2 into the sodium hydroxide solution, and performing ultrasonic dispersion and hydrothermal reaction to obtain a precursor A; washing the precursor A with deionized water and hydrochloric acid, and drying to obtain hydroxyl-functionalized CeO2, denoted as a precursor B; and finally preparing the hydroxyl-functionalized ceria supported noble metal electrocatalyst by a polyol reduction method. The hydroxyl-functionalized ceria supported noble metal electrocatalyst prepared in the application has a carrier with abundant hydroxyl groups, can preferentially adsorb OH ‑ / H2O, forms a local microenvironment of 'oxyphilic and chlorophobic' around the metal active sites, repels the approach and adsorption of Cl ‑ , and thus enhances the activity and stability of the catalyst, and realizes efficient seawater electrolysis.

The present application relates to the technical field of high polymer material silicone rubber, and particularly relates to a kind of flame-retardant antistatic high-temperature resistant vulcanized pipe and a preparation method thereof.The present application effectively solves the poor compatibility and performance conflict problem often occurred when realizing high flame-retardant and antistatic function of traditional silicone rubber pipe material by constructing a unique "microscopic island structure".In the preparation process, vinyl MQ silicone resin as a key "interface bridging" component can be preferentially adsorbed on the interface of different polar rubbers and wrapped modified flame retardant to form a "core-shell" micro area, which not only prevents the interference of high-filled flame retardant on the conductive network, but also significantly enhances the interfacial adhesion between methyl silicone rubber and phenyl silicone rubber two phases;At the same time, the assistant crosslinking agent triallyl isocyanurate participates in grafting reaction during vulcanization process, and establishes a stable chemical bond bridge between different rubber phases, which fundamentally avoids the delamination phenomenon of the blending system.

The application provides a chemical mechanical polishing liquid for rhodium interconnection layer and a preparation method and application thereof, and comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 0.05wt%-0.30wt% of surface functionalized nanodiamond abrasive, 0.50wt%-3.00wt% of oxidizing agent, 0.20wt%-1.50wt% of complexing agent, 0.001wt%-0.010wt% of selective control agent, and pH regulator. The application adds polyaspartic acid or alkali metal salt thereof as the selective control agent in the polishing liquid, so that the selective control agent has a preferential adsorption and protection effect on the surface of the non-target layer, thereby reducing the risk of excessive removal of the medium layer and related barrier / liner layer. Meanwhile, the overall pH of the polishing liquid is controlled in the alkaline range of 9.5-10.5, and the main liquid and the oxidizing agent are stored separately and mixed before use, which is beneficial to the long-term stability of the polishing liquid and the interface reaction activity during use.

This invention provides a battery and an electrical device, comprising a positive electrode sheet, which includes a positive current collector and a positive active material layer disposed on the positive current collector, the positive active material layer including a positive active material, the positive active material including iron; and an electrolyte comprising a first additive, a second additive, and a third additive, the first additive including a phosphate ester compound, the second additive including a fluorinated lithium salt compound, and the third additive including an amide compound; the first additive irreversibly complexes dissolved Fe. 2+ / Fe 3+ The first additive removes ions and eliminates HF, H2O, and free protons generated by its catalysis, effectively reducing the acidity of the electrolyte; the second additive preferentially reduces on the negative electrode surface to form a high ion conductivity SEI film, avoiding the formation of an electronic insulating deposition layer at low temperatures and ensuring charge transfer kinetics; the third additive preferentially adsorbs on the iron exposure sites on the positive electrode surface, physically covering and passivating the active center, inhibiting iron from participating in the disproportionation reaction.

The application discloses a method for improving stability of TEMPO-MV organic flow battery, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemical energy storage. The application is aimed at the core problem that protons produced by TEMPO decomposition in the cycle of the battery are migrated to the negative electrode, which causes irreversible degradation of methyl viologen (MV) active material and leads to capacity attenuation, and proposes functional modification of the negative electrode; a metal with low hydrogen evolution overpotential is loaded on the negative electrode porous carbon-based electrode as a catalyst; the modified electrode can preferentially adsorb and catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction of the protons migrated to the negative electrode, and timely discharge the protons in the form of hydrogen, so as to stabilize the local chemical environment of the negative electrode and cut off the degradation path of the active material induced by the protons; after being modified by the method, the capacity attenuation rate of the battery under the working condition of the strong acid positive electrolyte can be reduced from 0.036% / cycle to zero attenuation, and the decomposition rate of the negative electrode MV can be reduced from 8.8% to 1.9%; the method can significantly improve the cycle life and capacity retention rate of the battery, while maintaining good power performance.

The application discloses an electrolyte functional additive for aqueous zinc ion batteries, characterized in that 0.01 wt% of lecithin is added to a zinc sulfate electrolyte with a concentration of 2 mol L ‑1 , so that a dense, flexible and Zn 2+ -conductive organic-inorganic hybrid SEI film can be constructed on the surface of a zinc negative electrode in situ. The phosphate group in the lecithin molecule is preferentially adsorbed on the zinc (002) crystal surface, coordinates with Zn 2+ to form a [Zn(H2O)5LEC] 2+ solvation cluster, and significantly reduces the water activity at the interface. At the same time, the choline segment of lecithin is electrochemically reduced during the first charge and discharge process to generate a gradient structure SEI rich in Zn3(PO4)2 and organic segments. The film layer can block the direct contact of the zinc sheet with free water, inhibit the generation of hydrogen evolution, corrosion and by-product basic zinc sulfate, and homogenize the Zn 2+ flux to realize dendrite-free deposition. The additive has low dosage, low cost and process compatibility, and meets the requirements of high safety, long service life and large-scale application.

This application discloses a nanofluidic gel-mixed matrix membrane for olefin / alkane separation, its preparation method, and its application, belonging to the field of membrane separation technology. The membrane is composed of a polymer matrix and a nanofluidic filler. The filler includes a crown core, a linker, and a crown layer. The crown core is a porous material with preferential adsorption for olefins, and the crown layer is a liquid organic material containing specific structures and functional groups. The crown layer is chemically bonded to the surface of the crown core to form the nanofluidic filler, which is then combined with the polymer matrix to prepare the gel-mixed matrix membrane. This application uses nanofluids as fillers, enabling membrane gelation, solving the problems of traditional filler aggregation and interfacial compatibility, and significantly improving the membrane's separation performance for olefins / alkanes, while also exhibiting high mechanical strength and stability. This membrane is particularly suitable for the efficient separation and purification of low-carbon olefins such as ethylene / ethane, propylene / propane, and propylene / N2.

The present application relates to the technical field of flue gas pollution prevention and control, and discloses a high-activity calcium-based powdery desulfurizer and a preparation method thereof, aiming to solve the problems of invalid consumption, low calcium utilization rate and difficulty in resource utilization of desulfurization by-products of the existing calcium-based desulfurizer caused by high-concentration CO2 competition reaction, the modifier of amino silane coupling agent and organic carboxylic acid is used to build an interface layer with SO2 selective recognition function on the surface of quicklime, the effective repulsion of CO2 and the preferential adsorption of SO2 are realized by using the anchoring and screening effect of amino and the electronic regulation and capture effect of carboxyl; the pre-complexation, pressurized digestion and heat treatment activation processes are combined to strengthen the thermal stability of the modification layer while maintaining the high specific surface area, the prepared desulfurizer can stably desulfurize in the wide temperature range of 30-350 DEG C, the competition consumption of CO2 is inhibited, the calcium utilization rate is improved, and the desulfurization by-products are mainly calcium sulfate, which can be directly resourceized.

This invention relates to a manufacturing process for aluminum pistons for internal combustion engines, comprising the following steps: S1: Phosphorus modifier, strontium modifier, and rare earth modifier are sequentially added to molten aluminum alloy, wherein the amount of phosphorus added is 0.02-0.06 wt%, the amount of strontium added is 0.03-0.08 wt%, and the amount of rare earth modifier is... 0.05-0.15 wt%, with a modification treatment temperature of 740℃-770℃; This invention uses P and Al to form AlP cores, which serve as heterogeneous nucleation sites for primary silicon; rare earth elements Y and La preferentially adsorb onto the surface of the AlP nucleation core, reducing the lattice mismatch between AlP and primary silicon, significantly improving heterogeneous nucleation efficiency and enhancing the high-temperature thermal stability of the core, resulting in significantly refined primary silicon. At the same time, La preferentially occupies the twisting sites of the eutectic silicon growth steps, and Sr subsequently spreads and adsorbs on the pre-modified interface, forming a relay-type interface modification, transforming the eutectic silicon from needle-like to spherical. Y and La form Al3Y and Al3La composite pinning phases at the grain boundaries, effectively inhibiting high-temperature grain growth.