The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection monitoring, and discloses an environmental protection monitoring system based on big data, which comprises a data acquisition module, a central data management module, a wireless communication module, a data analysis module, a data storage module and a remote monitoring module, the data acquisition module is connected with the remote monitoring module, the remote monitoring module comprises a camera and a front-end server, the central data management module is connected with the data analysis module, and the central data management module comprises a central controller. Through the application of the Internet of Things technology, a large amount of data can be collected, the real-time performance and effectiveness of environment monitoring are effectively improved, information sharing is achieved, remote video monitoring can be carried out on key pollution source areas, monitoring data of the environment data acquisition module can be collected, sorted and stored, and data support and guarantee are provided for environment management application.