The invention provides an automatic disengaging and engaging projectile hoist. The automatic disengaging and engaging projectile hoist comprises a driving device, a projectile shifting wheel, a bracket, a disengaging and engaging device movable block and a disengaging and engaging device fixed block; and an automatic disengaging and engaging device is composed of the disengaging and engaging device movable block and the disengaging and engaging device fixed block, one end of the automatic disengaging and engaging device is connected with a projectile hoisting device, and the other end of the automatic disengaging and engaging device is connected with a decelerator. When a projectile supplied by the automatic disengaging and engaging projectile hoist is in a saturated state, the projectilehoisting resistance of the automatic disengaging and engaging projectile hoist is increased, the disengaging and engaging device is separated, and projectile supplying is stopped; and due to continuous shooting, when the projectile is in an unsaturated state, the projectile supplying resistance is decreased, the disengaging and engaging device is closed, and the automatic disengaging and engagingprojectile hoist starts projectile hoisting again. According to the automatic disengaging and engaging projectile hoist, a ratchet wheel is arranged, so that reverse rotation due to the gravity of projectile chains is effectively prevented; and motor starting is earlier than shooting starting, motor stopping is later than shooting stopping, and thus it is ensured that a projectile box guide is always in a saturated state during shooting. The automatic disengaging and engaging projectile hoist provides power for projectile supplying of a large-aperture gatling weapon, consistency of projectileshooting and projectile supplying is ensured, the projectile hoisting speed is larger than or equal to the shooting speed, and thus the high-speed shooting requirement can be met.