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This invention discloses an anti-Dabie Banda virus Gn protein nanobody, a bispecific antibody, and their applications, belonging to the field of biodetection technology. This invention constructs an alpaca natural nanobody library, using recombinantly expressed Gn protein as the antigen. Through multiple rounds of gradient screening using phage display technology, three nanobodies—G15, G20, and G40—that specifically bind to the Dabie Banda virus Gn protein are obtained. All three antibodies exhibit excellent antigen-binding specificity and virus-neutralizing activity; among them, G40 shows the most prominent neutralizing effect. The bispecific antibody G40-C1q, constructed based on G40, combines Gn protein and human C1q protein, achieving a synergistic effect of antiviral activity and inhibition of inflammatory damage. It can be used for the development of drugs for the prevention and treatment of Dabie Banda virus infection and for high-specificity detection reagents, providing candidate antibody drugs for the treatment of fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, and providing a reliable tool for virus-related research, disease diagnosis, and clinical translation.