The invention relates to a pseudo-ginseng seed and seedling separation device and a pseudo-ginseng seed and seedling separation method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. The pseudo-ginseng seed and seedling separation device comprises a machine frame I, a motor I, a chain, a chain wheel, a separated rotor, a vertical pedestal bearing, a separated roller front end cover, a bracket, a motor II, a belt, a belt wheel, a feeding rotor, a rhombic pedestal bearing, a machine frame II, a feeding box, an opening / closing sheet, a separated roller, a spike tooth I, a spike tooth II, a separated roller back end cylinder and an output port; the motors and the separated roller are fixed on the machine frame I through bolts; the feeding box is fixed on the machine frame II through a bolt; the motor I drives the separated rotor through the chain to rotate; the motor II drives the feeding rotor through the belt to rotate to realize ordered feeding; the opening / closing sheet is clamped on the feeding box; and the number of the seeds and the seedlings at the feeding position is adjusted by adjusting the opening / closing degree of the opening / closing sheet. According to the device and the method, ordered separation of the pseudo-ginseng seeds and seedlings is realized, the seeds and the seedlings can be separated from the stacking state to the ordered and discrete state, and ordered and discrete seeds and seedlings are provided for the subsequent planting link of a pseudo-ginseng transplanter.