55results about How to "Minimize radiation" patented technology

Methods of optimizing a laser-accelerated proton radiation dose to a targeted region are disclosed. Disclosed methods include providing a plurality of modulated polyenergetic proton beamlets and irradiating the targeted region with the plurality of modulated beamlets.

A device is disclosed for simple and quick disconnection of a target assembly at a cyclotron accelerator producing an ion beam irradiating the target assembly for PET radioisotope production. The device consists of a target body presenting a target space for introduction of target media to be irradiated by the ion beam from the cyclotron accelerator. The target body is separated into three portions by means of two separation window foils. The first separation window separates the internal space of a first body portion from a further internal space portion of a second target body portion and the second separation window separates a further internal space of the second target body portion from an internal space of a third target body portion being in communication with the vacuum space of the cyclotron. This third body portion forms a bayonet fitting to a corresponding bayonet fitting fixed to the cyclotron vacuum casing at a position where the ion beam is extracted, whereby the corresponding bayonet fitting also constitutes an insulating member. The device can by a small twisting be quickly released from the vacuum casing of the cyclotron after the vacuum has been removed for necessary maintenance and service.

Grids and collimators, for use with electromagnetic energy emitting devices, include at least a metal layer that is formed, for example, by electroplating / electroforming or casting. The metal layer includes top and bottom surfaces, and a plurality of solid integrated walls. Each of the solid integrated walls extends from the top to bottom surface and has a plurality of side surfaces. The side surfaces of the solid integrated walls are arranged to define a plurality of openings extending entirely through the layer. At least some of the walls also can include projections extending into the respective openings formed by the walls. The projections can be of various shapes and sizes, and are arranged so that a total amount of wall material intersected by a line propagating in a direction along an edge of the grid is substantially the same as another total amount of wall material intersected by another line propagating in another direction substantially parallel to the edge of the grid at any distance from the edge. Methods to fabricate these grids using copper, lead, nickel, gold, any other electroplating / electroforming materials or low melting temperature metals are described.

A collimator (1) primarily adapted for usage in a narrow scanned pencil beam radiation therapy system (100) includes adjacent pairs (5) of collimator leaves (10, 20). An inner portion (12) of a collimator leaf (10) facing the opposite leaf (20) of a pair (5) is made of a first material having high linear radiation attenuation. The remaining, major portion (14) of the leaf (10) is made of a second material having a comparatively low density, weight and radiation attenuation. The collimator (1) provides effective penumbra trimming of a radiation beam (60), while simultaneously protecting healthy tissue around a tumor in an irradiated patient (80) from the radiation. The new design results in a significantly more compact, lighter and less expensive collimator (1) as compared to traditional collimators.

A method of providing wireless communication to a personal communication device in an rf restricted environment. The personal communication device has a radiative antenna. The method comprising: providing a personal communication device with a radiative antenna; providing a first coupler antenna within the rf restricted environment; connecting the first coupler antenna to a second antenna mounted on the outside of the rf restricted environment through a computer controlled circuit arranged therebetween; wirelessly connecting the first coupler antenna with the radiative antenna of the personal communication device within the rf restricted environment; monitoring communications of the personal communication device at any point between the first coupler antenna and the second antenna; and billing for use of the personal communication device within the rf restricted environment. The personal communication device may be a cellular telephone. The personal communication device may be a laptop computer. The rf restricted environment may be an airplane.

Grids and collimators, for use with electromagnetic energy emitting devices, include at least a metal layer that is formed, for example, by electroplating / electroforming or casting. The metal layer includes top and bottom surfaces, and a plurality of solid integrated walls. Each of the solid integrated walls extends from the top to bottom surface and has a plurality of side surfaces. The side surfaces of the solid integrated walls are arranged to define a plurality of openings extending entirely through the layer. At least some of the walls also can include projections extending into the respective openings formed by the walls. The projections can be of various shapes and sizes, and are arranged so that a total amount of wall material intersected by a line propagating in a direction along an edge of the grid is substantially the same as another total amount of wall material intersected by another line propagating in another direction substantially parallel to the edge of the grid at any distance from the edge. Methods to fabricate these grids using copper, lead, nickel, gold, any other electroplating / electroforming materials, metal composites or low melting temperature metals are described.

Systems and methods according to embodiment of the present invention prevent or otherwise mitigate data corruption and interference that may result when a communications on-the-move transmission is blocked by a radio relay link antenna transmitting on a shared frequency band. Harmful radiation that could affect persons blocking the line-of-sight of a COTM transmission is also prevented or mitigated. According to one embodiment of the present invention, if a building or other obstruction blocks the line-of-sight between a COTM antenna and a target satellite, the transmission will automatically cease, preventing or minimizing any potential interference that can occur, such as the interference to a radio relay link antenna operating atop a building. Similarly, persons who may have been in the line-of-sight will not be subjected to harmful radiation. COTM transmission remains offline until free line-of-sight is re-established.

A beam switching antenna system and method and apparatus for controlling the same is provided, by which optimal antenna characteristics can be maintained according to a peripheral environment, the necessary time and power consumption of searching an optimal beam-direction can be reduced, and electromagnetic waves of a beam generated from an antenna can be minimized. The beam switching antenna system includes an antenna element for transmitting and receiving a beam; a dielectric body surrounding said antenna element; at least one conductive reflector facing a lateral outside of said dielectric body; and a ground switch circuit connected to said at least one conductive reflector. The ground switch circuit includes a reference voltage source generating a reference voltage; a ground line connected to the reference voltage source; an electrical switching device connected between the ground line and the conductive reflector; and a controller for controlling the electrical switching device. The conductive reflector includes an upper conductive reflector having one end connected to one terminal of the electrical switching device; and a lower conductive reflector having one end connected to another terminal of the electrical switching device and the other end connected to the ground line.

An imaging system is disclosed for imaging an object. More specifically, an improvement is disclosed in an imaging system enabling depth sectioned fluorescence imaging in a turbid medium, such as human or animal tissue, in such a manner as to substantially minimize the excitation radiation from reaching the detection beam path. The imaging system includes an arrangement of the excitation radiation source such that the optical axis of the source is inclined relative to the optical axis of the camera, the optical plane of the source and the optical plane of the object are subject to a Scheimpflug condition provided by projection optics, and the angle of inclination of the source is selected such that the excitation radiation incident upon the object is reflected in such a way that substantially minimizes excitation radiation from reaching the detection beam path.

An inexpensive, readily visible indicator for liquid levels in a vacuum bottle that includes a coating of reflective material to minimize radiation heat transfer from the interior of the vacuum bottle to the exterior of the assembly. The vacuum bottle assembly includes a container receiving the vacuum bottle and a transparent or translucent window is located in the side wall of the container and in alignment with an interruption in the reflective coating. An indicator is located within the vacuum bottle and is aligned with both the windows and the interruption so as to be visible therethrough to provide an indication of the level of the liquid contained within the inner liner of the vacuum bottle.

A drywell table includes a top frame defining at least one opening configured to receive a serving pan therethrough and a heating plate disposed below the top frame. The drywell table also includes at least two heating fins extending between the heating plate and the top frame, and defining at least one row configured to receive the pan therein, wherein heat is transferred from the heating plate and heating fins to the serving pan via a sufficiently small air gap defined between the heating plate, heating fins and the serving pan, wherein the gap minimizes convection and radiation.

A system for decreasing high frequency (HF) radiation emission in a power line comprises a first transmitter configured to transmit a utility power signal over the power line. A second transmitter transmits a high frequency communication signal over the power line so as to provide a combined utility and high frequency signal. A plurality of modulators, each of which provides a differential output signal to at least two phases of the power line such that the same high frequency data signal is transmitted via at least two phases of the power transmission line in an out-of-phase arrangement.

Cast collimators for use in CT imaging systems are described, as are methods of making them. Such collimators may comprise pre-patient collimators, pre-patient filter / collimator assemblies, and / or post-patient collimators. The filters and / or collimators may be made of any suitable high-density, high atomic number material such as lead, a lead alloy, tantalum, tungsten, tungsten suspended in an epoxy matrix, tungsten suspended in a slurry, or the like. Embodiments of these collimators comprise specially-designed channels and vanes that allow them to be precision cast to the necessary degree of accuracy. These channels and vanes are preferably tapered. These collimators and filter / collimator assemblies help minimize the x-ray dose to the patient by minimizing the scattered radiation creation mechanism and by collimating out much of the scattered radiation that would otherwise be subjected to the patient. These collimators may be cast as either single piece structures, or multiple pieces that can be operatively connected together.

A nanoresonator device with high quality factor and method for fabricating the same is disclosed herein. The nanoresonator device generally includes an input electrode, an output electrode, a nanoresonator anchored at its motionless nodal points of its resonance modes by support beam(s) and / or anchor. The nanoresonator device can be fabricated on various wafers including a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer, which includes an insulating layer and a heavily doped silicon layer. The nano structures with high quality factor can be patterned on a film utilizing nano fabrication tools and the patterned structures can be utilized as a mask to form permanent nano structures on the silicon layer by reactive ion etching (RIE). The insulating layer can be removed to form the anchor beams and a cavity by wet etching utilizing an etching solution.

An inexpensive, readily visible indicator for liquid levels in a vacuum bottle that includes a coating of reflective material to minimize radiation heat transfer from the interior of the vacuum bottle to the exterior of the assembly. The vacuum bottle assembly includes a container receiving the vacuum bottle and a transparent or translucent window is located in the side wall of the container and in alignment with an interruption in the reflective coating. An indicator is located within the vacuum bottle and is aligned with both the windows and the interruption so as to be visible therethrough to provide an indication of the level of the liquid contained within the inner liner of the vacuum bottle.

An electronic ballast which includes a resonant load circuit (L1, C1) in series with a discharge lamp (LA), the resonant load circuit being supplied by an inverter (S1, S2) which outputs variable alternating voltages at frequencies above 200 KHZ. Alternatively, an electronic transformer incorporates a load circuit and a variable output frequency inverter for operating a low volt halogen lamp (7) at variable alternating frequencies above 200 KHZ. Passive components of the ballast and transformer are integrated into a multilayer circuit (13).

Grids and collimators, for use with electromagnetic energy emitting devices, include at least a metal layer that is formed, for example, by electroplating / electroforming or casting. The metal layer includes top and bottom surfaces, and a plurality of solid integrated walls. Each of the solid integrated walls extends from the top to bottom surface and has a plurality of side surfaces. The side surfaces of the solid integrated walls are arranged to define a plurality of openings extending entirely through the layer. At least some of the walls also can include projections extending into the respective openings formed by the walls. The projections can be of various shapes and sizes, and are arranged so that a total amount of wall material intersected by a line propagating in a direction along an edge of the grid is substantially the same as another total amount of wall material intersected by another line propagating in another direction substantially parallel to the edge of the grid at any distance from the edge. Methods to fabricate these grids using copper, lead, nickel, gold, any other electroplating / electroforming materials, metal composites or low melting temperature metals are described.

The present invention comprises a docking system for connecting a portable communication device to a further signal transmission line. The docking system may be arranged within a workstation such as a desk or a tray. The system may also envelope a room in a building or be located in a vehicle, to control and restrict the radiative emission from the communication device and to direct such radiation to a further remote antenna and or signal distribution system connected to the transmission line.

Method and apparatus for uniform direct radiant heating in a rapid thermal processing reactor where uniformity of temperature across the width and breadth of a semiconductor wafer is achieved by placement of a dome-shaped thermal insert in close proximity to a semiconductor wafer in process. Thermal energy is absorbed by the thermal insert from the semiconductor wafer at a high rate where the spacing between the thermal insert and semiconductor wafer is at a minimum and at a gradually reduced rate where the spacing between the thermal insert and semiconductor wafer is gradually increased. A guard ring is also incorporated to negate bottom side reflective thermal energy exposure.

An ignition coil intended for application in automotive internal combustion engines includes a generally cylindrically magnetic core defining opposed first and second ends and a primary coil concentrically wound externally about the core axially between the opposed ends. A secondary coil assembly including an insulating spool and a secondary coil wound thereon is concentrically disposed externally of the primary coil and magnetic core. One terminal of the primary coil is connected to a controlled voltage source and the other terminal to an electrical ground. One terminal of the secondary coil is connected to the high voltage terminal of at least one spark plug and the other terminal is connected to an electrical ground. The magnetic core is constructed from low carbon steel rope, preferably in a 1x37 format.

A medical imaging device includes a detection unit and a housing unit that surrounds the detection unit and has at least one casing shell The at least one casing shell includes a netlike supporting structure unit and an elastic spring-mass unit.

A read / write head for magnetic tapes configured with an in situ radio frequency (RF) shield is provided. The RF shield of the invention inhibits device elements reading data from reading RF radiation irradiated by other device elements writing data. The RF shield may be situated between the device elements of one module and the device elements of a second module. The dimensions and materials of the RF shield may be selected depending upon the operating frequencies of the head and skin depth of materials comprising the RF shield. The data cable may be bonded to device element pads of a module using ACF bonding. AFC bonding the cable to the module may allow a metal ground plane on the cable to be extended to provide additional RF shielding.

The aim of the invention is to build central receiver solar power plants in which the heliostat fields can be used more efficiently. To achieve said aim, a heliostat field consisting of a near field having a uniform reflector surface density ρ of more than 60% is preferably combined with a far field whose reflector surface density ρ decreases as the distance from the receiver increases. The invention also comprises central receiver solar power plants which consist exclusively of a near field having a uniform reflector surface density ρ of more than 60%. The high reflector surface density ρ in the near field and in areas of the far field is achieved by the use of heliostats having rectangular reflectors and a rigid horizontal axle suspension (FHA) or, alternatively, by heliostats having rectangular reflectors and a rigid quasipolar axle suspension (FQA). The heliostat field concentrates the solar radiation on a receiver whose target surface, aperture, thermal absorber or photovoltaic absorber has a normal vector which is directed downward to the heliostat field that extends below the receiver in the directions North, East, South and West. The receiver is mounted in a suspended manner to a support structure that extends over the heliostat field.

A mobile terminal and a mobile terminal antenna reduce the intensity of electromagnetic waves radiated in the direction of a human body. The mobile terminal antenna includes a radiator, which radiates electromagnetic waves; a ground which is connected with the radiator, and a radiation preventer which has a metallic bar on one side of the ground in parallel with the ground at an interval. Accordingly, the electromagnetic radiation exposure to the human body can be reduced by altering the radiation emission pattern, while the performance of the antenna can be simultaneously enhanced.

A multiple antenna beam steering device includes three-element array, which are controlled to increase power reception in the direction of the desired signal while simultaneously minimizing signal reception in one or more directions of interference, using selective weighting of received signals, and specified summation stages to produce combined array factors that are used to form a beam pattern that is both maximized in at least one signal direction and minimized in at least one interference direction.

An antenna minimizes radiation from the outer conductor (44) of a coaxial cable (40) that is coupled to the antenna by providing a balancing tab (90) that lies near the connection (72) of the cable outer conductor (44) to the antenna. One antenna includes a Yagi structure (12) constructed of a plate of metal that forms a long boom (20) and a plurality of directors (28) extending laterally across the boom, with an electrical coupling loop mounted at a rear region of the Yagi structure. The coupling loop includes a folded dipole in the form of a metal coupling plate that forms a loop (54) with a gap (70), the loop having a laterally elongated front loop end (60). The Yagi structure is formed with a balancing tab (90) that lies forward of the loop, that has a lateral length (D) less than half that of one of the directors, and that extends from only one side (22) of the boom which is the side to which the outer coax conductor (44) is connected to the loop. The metal coupling plate lies facewise adjacent to a face (24) of the Yagi plate, with a dielectric spacer (76) between them.

Grids and collimators, for use with electromagnetic energy emitting devices, include at least a metal layer that is formed, for example, by electroplating / electroforming or casting. The metal layer includes top and bottom surfaces, and a plurality of solid integrated walls. Each of the solid integrated walls extends from the top to bottom surface and has a plurality of side surfaces. The side surfaces of the solid integrated walls are arranged to define a plurality of openings extending entirely through the layer. At least some of the walls also can include projections extending into the respective openings formed by the walls. The projections can be of various shapes and sizes, and are arranged so that a total amount of wall material intersected by a line propagating in a direction along an edge of the grid is substantially the same as another total amount of wall material intersected by another line propagating in another direction substantially parallel to the edge of the grid at any distance from the edge. Methods to fabricate these grids using copper, lead, nickel, gold, any other electroplating / electroforming materials or low melting temperature metals are described.

A storage apparatus is provided for dry storage of radioactive nuclear waste. The storage apparatus comprises a sealed canister containing the radioactive nuclear waste and an outer ventilated metal storage overpack (VMSO). The VMSO has a plurality of vents to enable ambient air flow through the VMSO and around the canister to thereby dissipate heat from the canister. The VMSO has a side wall having an inner metal layer and one or more sets of alternating layers. Each set includes a neutron absorbing layer adjacent to another metal layer so that neutron absorbing and metal layers alternate throughout the side wall. The neutron absorbing layer or layers are designed to absorb neutron particles radiated from the radioactive nuclear waste and the metal layers are designed to absorb gamma particles radiated from the radioactive nuclear waste as well as radiated from the neutron absorbing layer or layers that result from reactions associated with absorption of neutron particles.