A method for regenerating aluminum electrolysis bath carbon waste into alternative fire coal comprises the following steps that (1) conducting pelletization and detoxication, wherein the aluminum electrolysis bath carbon waste is crushed, a detoxicating agent solution is atomized and sprayed, and then pelletized detoxicated materials are obtained; (2) conducting activation, wherein a catalytic oxidant is added, homogenizing and modifying are conducted, and then the alternative fire coal is obtained; or, the catalytic oxidant and lime are added, water is added, stirring is conducted or rolling mixing is conducted, oxidation alkaline removal are conducted, filtering or filtering and washing are conducted, drying is conducted, and then the alternative fire coal is obtained; or, the catalytic oxidant, lime and sodium hydroxide are added, water is added, stirring is conducted or rolling mixing is conducted, oxidation aluminum removal and alkaline removal are conducted, filtering or filtering and washing are conducted, drying is conducted, and then the alternative fire coal is obtained; or, supercritical or liquid-state carbon dioxide is adopted for leaching processing, the catalytic oxidant is added to carbon dry powder for homogenizing and modifying, and then the alternative fire coal is obtained. The calorific value of the regenerated alternative fire coal is equal to that of semibituminous coal and anthracite and is about 5000 kcal/kg on average, and the regenerated alternative fire coal can be used as alternative fire coal; and the method is simple in technology, low in energy consumption and cost and suitable for industrialized production.