The invention discloses a portable foundation settlement detection device for constructional engineering. The portable foundation settlement detection device comprises an installation assembly and a detection assembly, before detection, a water sump is filled with water, a water outlet is connected with an interlayer through a water pipe, then the water in the water sump can flow into the interlayer, a foam piece is suspended on the water surface, the change of the water level can be observed through a first measuring ruler, the air pump is started to work, air is injected into the sleeve through the air pipe, the air can play a role in boosting the sliding block, the sliding block can drive the connecting rod to move downwards, the gravity block is made to be away from the magnetic sleeve and move downwards, the air pump can be closed at the moment, when the gravity block makes contact with the abutting block, the position of the sliding block in the sleeve or the inner cylinder is the initial depth, and difference between the foam piece and the slider is recorded; When the foundation sinks, the detection pipe can drive the gravity block to move downwards, the position of the sliding block can be changed, the height position of the sliding block at the moment is compared with the previous height position, and settlement data can be detected.