The invention discloses an identifying system and method for billets on a blanking production line of train wheels, and belongs to the technical field of manufacturing industry informatization. The identifying system is composed of a code spraying identifying subsystem, a scanning recognition subsystem and others, after bar stocks are cut off through a cold sawing machine to obtain the train wheel billets through blanking, the end face of each billet is sprayed with a unique identifying code through a code spraying machine, each code is composed of eight Arabic numerals and a corresponding bar code, the corresponding billet heat number, the specification, the section number, the length, the weight, the number of the cold sawing machine, the name of an operator and other basic documents are stored in a data base, when the billets reach the underneath of an image scanner, the identifying codes are read by the image scanner and compared with an upper computer, the qualified billets meeting production plan batch numbers enter a heating furnace in sequence, and the unqualified billets are rejected. The identifying system builds basic data for follow-on production of the wheels, product tracking and identifying code attachment, wherein the identifying codes correspond to the product parameters uniquely.