The invention discloses a single-component extrusion molding conductive rubber for electromagnetic shielding and a preparation method of the single-component extrusion molding conductive rubber, belonging to the technical field of electromagnetic shielding materials. The single-component extrusion molding conductive rubber is composed of dendritic silver coated copper powder, silvered glass fiber, polydimethylsiloxane containing vinyl by rubber base body, reinforcing agent gaseous phase white carbon black, alkynol inhibitor, metal platinum catalyst, and cross-linking agent methylhydropolyorganosiloxane. The preparation method comprises the following steps: pretreatment is carried out to the dendritic silver coated copper powder and the silvered glass fiber through amido coupling agent methyl organodisilane according to the formula, the rubber base body and the gaseous phase white carbon black are added in a vacuum kneading machine, are mixed uniformly and are added in a double-planet mixing plant, and then the alkynol inhibitor, the metal platinum catalyst and the treated electric conduction powder are mixed uniformly to form a component 1; the treated electric conduction powder is added in a cross-linking agent and is mixed uniformly to form a component 2; and two components in the double planets are mixed to form the single-component on-site forming electromagnetic shieldingsilicon rubber. The rubber has good shielding performance and good mechanical property.