The invention provides a low-power-consumption weak signal data acquisition and wireless transmission module. The module comprises a data acquisition system and an interface module. The data acquisition system comprises an MCU module, a lithium battery charging and power management module, a voltage and current signal multi-channel acquisition module, a current and voltage signal amplification automatic gain control module, a high-precision weak signal acquisition module, a wireless and wired transmission module and a synchronous data acquisition, transmission and storage unit. The interface module is composed of wiring terminals. The whole data acquisition system is packaged in a shielding shell, the interface module is connected with the data acquisition system through four groups of connectors, and the connected data acquisition system and the interface module are packaged in a metal shell as a whole. The low-power-consumption weak signal data acquisition and wireless transmission module has the advantages of being small in size, low in cost, unattended and capable of working for a long time, obtaining data automatically at regular time, acquiring multi-data sources synchronously, performing transmission in a wireless mode, and being suitable for the field working environment, wherein power supply of the field working environment is inconvenient.