The invention discloses a seamless bridge expansion joint based on a phosphorus-magnesium material. The seamless bridge expansion joint comprises a pavement layer and a cast-in-place concrete layer, wherein a phosphorus-magnesium material interface layer, a thin steel plate, transverse rebar and vertical rebar are arranged between the pavement layer and the cast-in-place concrete layer, the transverse rebar and the vertical rebar are arranged at the inner side of the phosphorus-magnesium material interface layer, the thin steel plate is arranged on a crack crevice of the cast-in-place concretelayer, and the gaps among the transverse rebar, the pavement layer, the phosphorus-magnesium material interface layer, the cast-in-place concrete layer and the thin steel plate are filled with a phosphorus magnesium mortar layer. The invention further discloses a construction method of the seamless bridge expansion joint based on the phosphorus-magnesium material. The seamless bridge expansion joint based on the phosphorus-magnesium material has the advantages that the flexibility is good, the high-temperature stability is high, the low-temperature crack resistance is excellent, the construction is simple, the commissioning time is short, the early strength is high, the repair and maintenance are simple, the durability is strong, the water resistance and adhesion are strong, the operationand running are comfortable and steady, the service life is long, the bridge expansion joint is simple and compact, a mounting notch is shallow, an anchoring system is not needed, the combination with the ground face is tight, flat and smooth, and the bridge expansion joint is suitable for the installation or repair and maintenance various bridge expansion joints.