The invention discloses a near-infrared light-emitting material, a preparation method and a light-emitting device. The chemical composition of the near-infrared light-emitting material is AyQaMbOq: zD, wherein the element A is one or two of Li, Na, Be, Ca and Zn; the element Q is one or two of Y, La, Lu, Gd and Sc; the element M is one or two of B, Ga, In, Al and Si; the element D is one or two of Cr, Yb, Er, Nd, Pr, Sm, Bi and Ce; and 1 < = y < = 3, 0 < = a < = 1, 1 < = b < = 3, 5 < = q < = 9, and 0 < = z < = 9. The emission spectrum band of the luminescent material shows broadband emission with the peak wavelength of 700-1200 nm, the effective absorption wavelength range is 350-808 nm, the light-emitting material has the characteristics of wide emission spectrum band, adjustable spectrum, low cost and the like, and the light-emitting device is good in sealing performance and compact in size.