89 results about "Formamidinium" patented technology

The invention discloses a perovskite precursor solution additive, a perovskite light absorption layer and a preparation method of the perovskite light absorption layer. The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps: adding a mixed solution of deionized water containing hydrochloric acid or organic amine hydrochloride and DMF (Dimethyl Formamide) into a perovskite solution to form a perovskite precursor solution, further obtaining a perovskite light absorption layer through a film preparation process, and assembling the solar cell. The crystallization process of the thin film is adjusted through chloride ions, hydroxyl and amino in the aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or organic amine hydrochloride, decomposition of formamidine iodide is inhibited, growth of crystal grains is promoted, the quality of the thin film is improved, pinhole and grain boundary defects are reduced, and therefore the device performance of a perovskite photovoltaic cell prepared in air is enhanced.

The invention discloses a functional formamidine salt treated perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The solar cell comprises a transparent conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, a perovskite active layer, a perovskite modification layer, a hole transport layer and a metal counter electrode which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the perovskite light absorption layer is made of lead iodide formamidine perovskite; and the perovskite modification layer is a low-dimensional passivation layer which grows in a vertical orientation manner and is obtained by carrying out in-situ reaction on functional organic formamidine salt and the three-dimensional perovskite light absorption layer. According to the method, the surface defects of the three-dimensional perovskite thin film are effectively passivated, so that non-radiative recombination is effectively inhibited, and the charge transfer capability is improved; meanwhile, the interface energy level matching degree is optimized, and hole extraction is promoted. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and easy to realize, has high repeatability, and effectively improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

The present disclosure relates to a perovskite system comprising a perovskite film including perovskites having a three-dimensional heterostructure of formula ABX3 characterized by a tetragonal perovskite surface. A comprises at least one of methylammonium, formamidinium, cesium, or guanidinium. B is Pb or Sn. X comprises at least one of I, Br, or Cl. The perovskite system further comprises an interfacial capping layer including anilinium-based surface-capping ligands, the ligands being distributed at the tetragonal perovskite surface of the perovskite film and non-reactive with the perovskites, as determined by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Also described are methods of preparing the perovskite system, and solar cells or modules comprising the perovskite system.

The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric materials and devices, and particularly relates to a perovskite thin film and a preparation method and application thereof. A fluorine-containing phosphazene compound is used as a ligand and is mixed with a perovskite precursor solution composed of lead iodide, formamidine iodine and cesium iodide, spin coating is performed, the fluorine-containing phosphazene compound and part of formamidine cations form hydrogen bonds, part of formamidine cations are anchored at the bottom of a perovskite film, Cs-formamidine cations are uniformly distributed, and the perovskite film is prepared. Meanwhile, the fluorine-containing phosphazene compound and Pb < 2 + > form a coordinate bond, Pb < 2 + > defects are passivated, and the perovskite thin film is obtained through anti-solvent treatment and annealing treatment. The fluorine-containing phosphazene compound interacts with the components in the perovskite precursor solution, so that the nucleation rate of perovskite can be increased, the crystallization rate can be slowed down, the tensile stress can be eliminated, the perovskite does not enter crystal lattices, and the stability and crystallinity of the film are guaranteed. The perovskite thin film can be used for an inverted perovskite solar cell, and the performance and the stability of a device are improved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell based on a fused salt doped Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer, and the method comprises the steps: dissolving lead iodide and formamidine iodide in a mixed solvent of N, N-dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide according to a molar ratio of (0.8-1.5): 1 to prepare an FAPbI3 perovskite precursor solution; the method comprises the following steps: mixing cyclohexylamine trifluoroacetic acid and 4-tert-butylpyridine according to a molar ratio of 1: (8-14), dissolving the mixture in a 70-110 mg / mL Spiro-OMeTAD chlorobenzene solution, adding an acetonitrile solution of LiTFSi, and stirring at normal temperature to obtain a hole transport material Spiro-OMeTAD solution; spin-coating the FTO substrate with an electron transport layer material, spin-coating the electron transport layer with the FAPbI3 perovskite precursor solution, and annealing to form a perovskite thin film; the method comprises the following steps: spin-coating an ammonium butyrate iodide solution on a perovskite thin film to obtain an interface modification layer, spin-coating a hole transport material Spiro-OMeTAD solution on the interface modification layer to obtain a cyclohexylamine trifluoroacetic acid doped Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer, and evaporating an interface modification layer and a metal electrode on the Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer.

The invention discloses a lead acetate lead source-based pure-phase formamidine perovskite solar cell and a preparation method and application thereof. The lead acetate lead source-based pure-phase formamidine perovskite solar cell sequentially comprises a conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, a pure-phase alpha-FAPbI3 perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, a modification layer and an electrode layer from bottom to top, a solution containing FAI, PbI2 and PbAc2 is used for preparing a perovskite precursor, PbAc2 can form a weak Pb-I effect with free I <-> in the precursor solution, a recombinant Pb-I framework can be formed in situ in the crystallization process, rapid conversion from a delta phase to an alpha phase is promoted, high-quality oriented alpha-FAPbI3 perovskite crystals are formed, the phase stability is high, and the method is suitable for industrial production. And the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell prepared by using the material is high.

The invention provides a method for preparing formamidine hydriodate through a one-pot method, formamidine hydriodate and application of formamidine hydriodate, and particularly relates to the technical field of perovskite photovoltaic cell precursor material preparation. The method comprises the following steps: adding an iodine elementary substance and a solvent into a reaction container, dropwise adding a reducing agent to carry out a first reaction, adding formamidine acetate in batches to carry out a second reaction at 0-10 DEG C after the reaction is completed, and carrying out post-treatment purification after the reaction is completed to obtain the formamidine hydriodate. The method directly selects the iodine elementary substance as the raw material, so that the use cost of the raw material is effectively reduced; one-pot integrated reaction is adopted in the preparation process, intermediate separation is not needed, the opportunity that metal impurities are introduced due to multiple transfer and purification operations in a traditional method is reduced, and the content of the metal impurities in the product can be reduced; distillation and other steps with high energy consumption and long time consumption are omitted, so that the reaction period is shortened, and the energy consumption is reduced.

The invention relates to the field of perovskite solar cells, and discloses a preparation method of an efficient and stable perovskite solar cell based on one-dimensional fluorine-containing formamidine single crystal modification, and the method comprises the steps: selecting transparent conductive glass as a substrate; a [2-(3, 6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid solution is taken to be subjected to spin coating on the surface of the substrate, and a hole transport layer is obtained; spin-coating a perovskite precursor solution containing one-dimensional fluorine-containing formamidine perovskite single crystals on the hole transport layer to obtain a perovskite thin film; dropwise adding an electron transport layer precursor solution on the surface of the perovskite thin film for spin coating to obtain an electron transport layer; and preparing a metal electrode. According to the invention, the one-dimensional fluoroformamidine-containing perovskite single crystal and the three-dimensional perovskite double-anchoring lattice matching are utilized, the quality and the photoelectric property of the solar cell film are synergistically optimized, the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell device is 25.54%, and the unpackaged device still keeps 90.13% of the initial efficiency after 1000 hours under the environmental condition, so that the stability is excellent.

The invention belongs to the field of Velciguat synthesis, and particularly relates to a preparation method of Velciguat and an intermediate product thereof. The preparation method of the Velciguat comprises the following steps: (1) reacting aminomalononitrile with methyl chloroformate to generate an intermediate product I; (2) carrying out ring closing on the intermediate product I and formamidine under an alkaline condition to obtain an intermediate product II; (3) carrying out bromination reaction on the intermediate product II and N-bromosuccinimide to obtain an intermediate product III; (4) reacting the intermediate product III with bis (pinacolato) diboron under the action of a catalyst to obtain an intermediate product IV; and (5) carrying out a reaction on the intermediate product IV and 5-fluoro-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-3-iodo-1H-pyrazolo [3, 4-b] pyridine to prepare the viriciguat. The method is simple to operate, low in cost and safe in production. The invention also provides the intermediate product obtained by the preparation method.

The application discloses a preparation method of a wide-bandgap perovskite photoactive layer, and comprises the following steps: S1, lead iodide powder, cesium iodide powder and ytterbium bromide powder are proportioned according to a proportioning molar ratio, and an inorganic target material is prepared by using a hot-press sintering process; S2, formamidinium hydriodide powder and methylammonium bromide powder are proportioned according to a proportioning molar ratio, and an organic target material is prepared by using a normal-temperature preparation process; S3, a pretreated substrate is placed on a magnetron sputtering sample table, the target materials prepared in steps S1 and S2 are respectively installed on corresponding radio frequency sputtering targets, and the background of a magnetron sputtering system is vacuumized; S4, high-purity argon gas is used as a sputtering gas, and a wide-bandgap perovskite thin film is prepared by using a magnetron co-sputtering method; the sputtering power of the inorganic target material prepared in step S1 is controlled, the sputtering power of the organic target material prepared in step S2 is controlled, and the thickness of the thin film is controlled, so that the high-quality thin film is prepared by using the differential target material preparation process.

The invention discloses a wide-band-gap perovskite solar cell and a full-perovskite laminated solar cell. Methyl ammonium bromide and guanidine bromide are jointly doped into the perovskite precursor solution to partially replace formamidine iodide, and a multi-element A-site alloy structure is introduced into the perovskite solar cell, so that defects in a perovskite layer are reduced, the service life of a carrier is prolonged, surface non-radiation is inhibited, the voltage loss of a device is reduced, and the performance of the device is improved. Therefore, the performance of the perovskite solar cell is obviously improved.

This invention relates to a novel and improved method for preparing substituted N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-hydroxy-3-phenoxypyridazine-3-formamidinium, which can be converted into substituted 3-(3-phenoxypyridazine-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine. Specifically, this invention relates to the preparation of 3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[1-(chloromethyl)-2-(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)ethyl]-N'-hydroxy-6-methylpyridazine-4-formamidinium, which can be converted into 3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-6-methylpyridazine-4-yl]-5-(2-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine; More specifically, it involves 3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[1-(chloromethyl)-2-(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)ethyl]-N'-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyridazin-4-formamidinium, which can be converted into (5S)-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-6-methylpyridazin-4-yl]-5-(2-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine.

This invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells and discloses a three-dimensional two-dimensional core-shell self-encapsulated inverted perovskite solar cell and its preparation method. The method involves preparing an inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell using NiO nanocrystals with a particle size of 3-5 nm and SnO2 nanorods with a particle size of 2-4 nm and an aspect ratio of 3-5, respectively, forming a hole transport layer (15-25 nm) and an electron transport layer (15-30 nm). A pyridylamine derivative hydrohalate is attached as a ligand to the surface of the NiO nanocrystals and SnO2 nanorods and added to the PbI2 layer. During the two-step preparation of the three-dimensional perovskite light-absorbing layer (500-800 nm) of formamidine triiodide(II)ate (FAPbI3), two-dimensional perovskites are simultaneously generated at the FAPbI3 / hole transport layer interface, the FAPbI3 / electron transport layer interface, and the grain boundaries within the FAPbI3 layer, thus forming a three-dimensional two-dimensional core-shell self-encapsulated perovskite light-absorbing layer. Finally, an aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) top electrode was sputtered onto the electron transport layer to obtain a three-dimensional two-dimensional core-shell self-encapsulated inverted perovskite solar cell.

The invention provides a flexible perovskite solar cell with excellent bending performance and a preparation method thereof. 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570), formamidine iodide, methylamine bromide, methyl ammonium chloride, spiroOMeTAD, a lithium salt acetonitrile solution and tBP chlorobenzene (CB) are used as raw materials, a perovskite thin film is prepared through a two-step spin-coating deposition method, and a silver electrode is prepared through a thermal evaporation method. The bending resistance of the prepared flexible perovskite solar cell (f-PSCs) is remarkably improved, the performance retention rate is improved from 53% to 90% after 3000 times of bending cycles, and the average photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell is improved from 18.72% to 21.42%. According to the invention, a new way is opened up for improving the photovoltaic performance and bending resistance of f-PSCs by using the silane oxide coupling agent, and an important technical reference is provided for realizing industrialization of flexible perovskite solar cells.

This invention discloses a perovskite active layer passivating agent, a perovskite solar cell, and a preparation method thereof, relating to the field of perovskite solar cell technology. The invention uses a combination of formamidine thiocyanate (FASCN) and dodecyl ammonium bromide (DABr) as passivating agents. Through the "phase screening" effect of FA⁺ and the coordination regulation of SCN⁻, n=3 single-phase quasi-two-dimensional perovskite is selectively generated on the wide-bandgap perovskite surface, completely suppressing the n=2 phase and eliminating multiphase energy level disorder. Simultaneously, it achieves triple synergistic passivation: SCN⁻ coordinates and passivates lead defects, Br⁻ fills halogen vacancies, and FA⁺ occupies A-site vacancies, resulting in a 27% reduction in trap density and a 12-fold increase in carrier lifetime. The resulting perovskite solar cell exhibits a 6.8% increase in efficiency, significantly enhanced thermal stability, and a 4-fold increase in T80 lifetime. Furthermore, it is fully compatible with existing preparation processes and suitable for large-scale production.

This invention belongs to the field of polymer materials and relates to a method for preparing a multifunctional emulsion antioxidant and its application, specifically to an emulsion antioxidant that also absorbs ultraviolet light and its application. A multifunctional emulsion-type antioxidant comprises the following components: a phenolic primary antioxidant, wherein the phenolic primary antioxidant comprises a mixture of p-cresol and dicyclopentadiene copolymer (TH-CPL) and triethylene glycol bis[β-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)propionate] (antioxidant 245); a thioester secondary antioxidant; a UV absorber; a light stabilizer; a nonionic surfactant; and deionized water; wherein the UV absorber is N-(ethoxycarbonylphenyl)-N'-methyl-N'-phenylformamidinium (UV-1), and the light stabilizer is a mixture of bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidine) sebacate and 1-methyl-8-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidine) sebacate (292).

The invention relates to a synthesis method of a perovskite microcrystalline material, and belongs to the field of perovskite materials. The invention provides a synthesis method of a perovskite microcrystalline material, which comprises the following steps: mixing alkali metal iodide salt, lead acetate trihydrate and formamidine acetate, and reacting under preset conditions to obtain the formamidine lead iodide perovskite microcrystalline material. According to the method, an acid-free system is adopted for synthesizing the formamidine lead iodide perovskite microcrystal material for the first time, hydroiodic acid which is indispensable and extremely high in danger coefficient in a traditional aqueous phase method is completely abandoned, alkali metal iodide salt is creatively adopted as a green iodine source, high-quality formamidine lead iodide perovskite microcrystals are successfully synthesized, the material performance is guaranteed, and meanwhile the yield of the formamidine lead iodide perovskite microcrystals is increased. The safety of the synthesis process is greatly improved; in addition, the solid salt with stable properties is adopted, so that the sensitivity of the whole synthesis process to air and humidity is reduced, and better repeatability and stability are achieved.

The invention relates to a perovskite precursor solution, a perovskite thin film, a preparation method of the perovskite thin film and a photovoltaic module. The perovskite precursor solution comprises a perovskite precursor, an additive and a mixed solvent; the perovskite precursor is prepared from formamidine hydriodate and lead iodide; the additive comprises cesium iodide and methylamine hydrochloride; the mixed solvent is prepared from N, N-dimethyl formamide, N-methyl pyrrolidone and cyclohexyl pyrrolidone. The composition of the perovskite precursor solution is blended, the high-quality perovskite thin film with the micro-suede surface is spontaneously formed in the perovskite crystallization process, the micro-suede surface structure can increase the contact area between a perovskite layer and a subsequent functional layer, a tight mechanical interlocking effect is generated between the micro-suede surface structure and the interface of the functional layer, and the performance of the perovskite thin film is improved. Therefore, the interface adhesive force of the subsequent functional layer and the metal electrode is obviously improved, and the problem of performance degradation of the perovskite assembly caused by the packaging process is solved.

The invention provides a solar cell based on a Cu-doped lead-copper alloy perovskite light absorption layer and a preparation method of the solar cell, and the light absorption layer of the solar cell is a Cu-doped lead-copper alloy perovskite thin film Cs0. 05MA 0. 10FA 0. 85Pb1-xCuxI3, the preparation method of the lead-copper alloy perovskite thin film comprises the following steps: adding formamidine hydriodate, methylamine hydriodate, cesium iodide, lead iodide and cuprous iodide powder into a solvent, and uniformly stirring and mixing to prepare a perovskite precursor solution; the PbI2 powder and the CuI powder are uniformly mixed, the uniformly mixed precursor solution is spin-coated, annealing is carried out on a heating stage, the thin film is obtained, the ratio of the PbI2 powder to the CuI powder is 1-x: x, and x is equal to 0-10%. The copper-doped lead-copper alloy perovskite with the three-dimensional octahedral structure synthesized by the method has structural and thermodynamic stability and is high in fluorescence performance and light absorption performance, and the crystallization quality of a thin film is remarkably improved; when the perovskite thin film is used as a light absorption layer of the cell, a perovskite solar cell with high photoelectric conversion efficiency can be prepared, and the perovskite solar cell has excellent ultraviolet resistance and high temperature resistance stability.

The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, and discloses a perovskite layer and a preparation method thereof, a perovskite cell and a photovoltaic module, and the preparation method of the perovskite layer comprises the following steps: in an atmosphere containing oxygen, coating a lead halide skeleton layer with a cationic solution containing an additive, and carrying out annealing to obtain the perovskite layer; wherein groups in the cation solution comprise iodide ions and formamidine cations, the additive is RA, R is organic weak acid radical ions, and A is sodium ions and / or potassium ions. When the preparation method is used for preparing the perovskite layer, oxidation of iodide ions can be inhibited, and the crystallization quality of crystals of the perovskite layer is improved.

The invention discloses a methylamine formamidino perovskite single crystal, a preparation method thereof and an X-ray detector, and belongs to the technical field of perovskite single crystal X-ray detectors. Methyl iodide amine, formamidino hydriodate and lead iodide are used as raw materials, anhydrous acetic acid is used as an additive, growth is carried out in a solvent through a seed crystal method, and the methylamine formamidino perovskite single crystal is obtained. Anhydrous acetic acid and formamidine generate hydrogen-bond interaction, formamidine is pulled to enter crystal lattices, so that phase separation is eliminated, acetate and Pb coordinate to delay formation of a lead-iodine framework, the speed of methylamine and formamidine entering the crystal lattices is balanced, meanwhile, the stability of a methylamine formamidine perovskite precursor solution is improved, stable growth of methylamine formamidine perovskite single crystals is achieved, and the methylamine formamidine perovskite single crystals are obtained. The single crystal has the advantages of high crystallinity, low defect density, large size and favorable X-ray response performance. The methylamine formamidine perovskite single crystal is high in controllability in the growth process, and the preparation method is high in operability, simple and easy to implement, short in preparation period, low in equipment requirement and low in cost.

The present disclosure may provide semiconductor perovskite layers and method of making thereof. In some cases, the perovskite layer may comprise a composition of MAn1FAn2Csn3PbX3. MA may be methylammonium, FA may be formamidinium, n1, n2, and n3 may independently be greater than 0 and less than 1, and n1+n2+n3 may equal 1.

The application discloses a kind of stable printable formamidinium-based perovskite ink and photovoltaic module preparation method thereof, the formamidinium-based perovskite ink includes formamidinium-based perovskite, low volatility coordination solvent, high volatility non-coordination solvent and stabilizer;The stabilizer is the organic cesium salt with good solubility in the low volatility coordination solvent and the high volatility non-coordination solvent.The formamidinium-based perovskite ink provided by the application uses the organic cesium salt with good solubility as stabilizer, by introducing organic acid root, reduces the formation energy of photoactive black phase (alpha phase), induces the pure phase stable growth of photoactive black phase formamidinium-based perovskite, to realize the controllable preparation of high-efficiency stable large-area perovskite thin film and photovoltaic module.

The invention discloses a perovskite precursor solution, a perovskite active layer prepared from the perovskite precursor solution and application of the perovskite active layer. The perovskite precursor solution contains a mixture of formamidine thiocyanate (FASCN) and rubidium thiocyanate (RbSCN). According to the invention, the mixed additives formamidine thiocyanate FASCN and rubidium thiocyanate RbSCN are added into the precursor solution to effectively promote phase transformation from an inactive phase delta to an active phase alpha, so that the efficiency and the stability of the methylamine-free perovskite battery are remarkably improved, and the methylamine-free perovskite battery has a relatively good commercial application prospect.

The application belongs to the field of vixepiromide synthesis, and particularly relates to a preparation method of vixepiromide and intermediate products thereof. The preparation method of vixepiromide comprises the following steps: (1) reacting aminopropandinitrile with methyl chloroformate to generate an intermediate product one; (2) ring closing the intermediate product one with formamidine under alkaline conditions to generate an intermediate product two; (3) performing bromination on the intermediate product two with N-bromosuccinimide to generate an intermediate product three; (4) reacting the intermediate product three with pinacol diboron under the action of a catalyst to generate an intermediate product four; and (5) reacting the intermediate product four with 5-fluoro-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-3-iodo-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine to generate vixepiromide. The application has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and safe production. The application further provides the intermediate products generated in the above preparation method.

This invention provides an in-situ passivation method for perovskite thin films, a perovskite solar cell, and a method for preparing the same. The in-situ passivation method includes: preparing a perovskite precursor solution comprising formamidinium cations, divalent metal cations, halide anions, and fluorobenzylamine, wherein the content of fluorobenzylamine is 0.01% to 1% of the molar amount of formamidinium cations; coating the perovskite precursor solution and annealing it to crystallize the solution and allow the fluorobenzylamine and formamidinium cations to react in situ, forming an in-situ passivated perovskite thin film. In this application, fluorobenzylamine is used to in-situ passivate the formamidinium-containing perovskite system, achieving mutual promotion between the passivation and crystallization adjustment processes. Furthermore, in-situ passivation suppresses ion migration, allowing the high-quality thin film structure composed of large grains to be maintained during long-term operation, ultimately achieving high device stability.

The invention relates to an application of a pyrimidine-based additive in a perovskite solar cell. A pyrimidine derivative with moderate Lewis alkalinity is selected as the additive and forms a moderate and stable coordination intermediate with a lead iodide precursor, so that nucleation of alpha-phase formamidine lead iodide can be accelerated and defect generation can be inhibited; the method is suitable for planar formal and trans-structure devices, the photoelectric conversion efficiency of 25% or above is achieved in the formal structure and the trans-structure, and excellent stability is kept under the long-time operation and storage conditions. The invention provides an additive design principle based on pyrimidine molecules, and provides a theoretical basis and a technical path for development of high-performance and long-life perovskite photovoltaic devices.

Method for manufacturing an optoelectronic semiconductor device, comprising: - Providing an optoelectronic semiconductor chip (1) comprising: at least one light-emitting layer (4), at least one cavity (3), and - Inserting at least one pre-stage of a conversion element into the at least one cavity, wherein the at least one conversion element (6, 6') comprises a perovskite-based ABX3 or A2BB'X6 structure; and The introduction of a preliminary stage of at least one conversion element includes the following steps: - Introducing a solution of AX into at least one cavity (3), - Introducing a solution of BX2 in the case of an ABX3 structure or BX and B'X3 in the case of an A2BB'X6 structure into the at least one cavity (3), wherein A is at least one cation selected from the group consisting of methylammonium, formamidinium, K + , Rb +and Cs + is; X selected from the group consisting of F - , Cl - , Br - and I - is; B is a cation selected from the group consisting of Pb 2+ , Sn 2+ or Ge 2+ is; in the case of an A2BB'X6 structure, B and B' can be from Ag + or Bi + and Bi 3+ be selected.

The application belongs to the technical field of drug chemical synthesis, and particularly relates to a preparation method of an FGFR2 inhibitor Lirafugratinib (RLY-4008). The reaction steps of the synthetic method are as follows: 2-bromo-p-nitroacetophenone is reacted with 3-amidinopropionic acid ethyl ester hydrochloride, then is ring-closed with formamide (formamidine) to obtain a key intermediate 4-hydroxy-6-(4-nitro-phenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, halogenation, aminolysis, methylation, suzuki coupling reaction, reduction, and finally reaction with methacryloyl chloride to obtain Lirafugratinib (RLY-4008).

The invention discloses a solar cell and a preparation method and application thereof. The solar cell comprises a substrate, a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transport layer and an electrode which are stacked. The material of the perovskite light absorption layer comprises a perovskite base material and a perovskite material passivator in a mass ratio of (1.4-1.8): (0.5-1.5), and the perovskite material passivator comprises a compound with the following general formula; wherein R1 is sulfonic acid group or-[SO3]-M < + >, M < + > is Cs < + >, Rb < + >, NH4 < + >, [CH3NH3] < + >, [HC (NH2) 2] < + > or 1 / 2Sn < 2 + >, R4 is hydrazino, amino or formamidino, and R2, R3, R5 and R6 are respectively and independently selected from H, nitryl or halogen. By adding the perovskite material passivator, the perovskite base material is effectively anchored, double-point synergistic passivation is realized, and the performance of the solar cell is improved.