78 results about "Formamidinium" patented technology

A 2-terminal multi-junction solar cell having a thin film of metal halide semiconductor as the top solar-cell material and crystalline silicon as the bottom solar-cell material. In the illustrative embodiment, the top solar-cell material is a perovskite of the form AM(I_xH_1-x)₃, where A is a cation, preferably methylammonium (CH₃NH₃), formamidinium ([R₂N—CH═NR₂]⁺), or cesium; M is metal, preferably Pb, Sn, Ge; H is a halide, preferably Br or Cl; and x=iodine fraction, in the range of 0 to 1, inclusive. The integration of the two solar-cell materials is enabled by the use of a tunnel junction composed of indirect band-gap material.

A method is provided for preparing a thin film of perovskite material having an adjustable bandgap. The method forms a thin film of material having the formula BX₂, where anionic part X is a halide, and where the cation B is lead (Pb), tin (Sn), or germanium (Ge). A solution is formed of materials with the formulas A¹X and A²X, where cation A¹ is formamidinium, and where cation A² is an organic cation having a larger size larger than a methylammonium cation. The method deposits the solution over the BX₂ thin film, and forms a perovskite material having the formula A¹_1-YA²_yBX₃. For example, the A² cation may be an ammonium cation such as ethylammonium, guanidinium, dimethylammonium, acetamidinium, or substituted derivatives of the above-mentioned ammonium cations. In one aspect, the perovskite material A¹BX₃ may be formamidinium iodide (FAI), and A²BX₃ may be ethylammonium iodide (EtAI). Tandem solar cells are also provided.

The invention discloses an N-trisubstituted-1,2,3-thiadiazoles-5-formamidine target compound of which the general formula is TDCA. The N-trisubstituted-1,2,3-thiadiazoles-5-formamidine target compound is obtained from an M compound through a cyclization reaction. The new synthetizing method is high in yield, catalysts are easy to prepare, the catalysts are low in cost, phosphoric waste water is less, and the multi-nitrogen heterocycle thiadiazoles-5-formamidine compound is environment-friendly. (As shown in the Description).

The invention discloses a novel method for synthesizing a 1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-formamidine compound. The target compound shown in general formula TDCA is prepared from a compound as shown in general formula M by virtue of a methylation reaction. The target component as shown in the general formula M is prepared from a compound as shown in general formula A and a compound as shown in general formula N by virtue of a condensation reaction, wherein during the methylation reaction, preferably, a catalyst is an organic metallic catalyst consisting of cuprous iodide and a ligand, namely 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptadione; during the reaction, preferably, dimethylbenzene is taken as a solvent, and the optimum reaction temperature is 100-140 DEG C. The method disclosed by the invention is high in yield and more environment-friendly (as shown in Specification).

There is provided a photovoltaic device that comprises a photoactive region, the photoactive region comprising a perovskite material of general formula A_1-xA′_xBX_3-yX′, wherein A is a formamidinium cation (HC(NH)₂)₂⁺), A′ is a caesium cation (Cs⁺)B is at least one divalent inorganic cation, X is iodide and X′ is bromide, and x is greater than 0 and equal to or less than 0.4 and y is greater than 0 and less than or equal to 3. There is also provided a method of producing a photovoltaic device comprising a photoactive region comprising the perovskite material, and formulations for use in the formation of the perovskite material.

The invention, which belongs to the technical field of the solar cell, provides a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. In order to overcome a defect of poor humidity stability of the perovskite solar cell due to poor humidity stability of the existing perovskite type formamidinium lead iodide, the invention provides a method using cesium ion doping to improve the moisture-resistant capability of the formamidinium lead iodide and enhance humidity stability of the solar cell. The prepared perovskite solar cell uses a piece of FTO conductive glass (1) as a substrate; a compact titanium dioxide layer (2), a porous titanium dioxide layer (3), a perovskite layer (4), a hole transport layer (5) and an electrode (6) are formed on the substrate successively. And the perovskite layer is made of caesium-doped formamidinium lead iodide. According to the invention, the prepared perovskite solar cell has high humidity stability and is suitable for practical application. In addition, compared with the solar cell without cesium ion doping, the prepared solar cell has high efficiency and high repeatability and is suitable for popularization and practical production.

The invention relates to a method of forming a halide perovskite film, wherein deuterium oxide is mixed with a halide perovskite solution to form a halide perovskite film. The halide perovskite solution includes a metal cation, such as a lead, tin, germanium or bismuth cation, a halide anion, and at least one selected from an organic cation, such as methylammonium or formamidinium, and an inorganic cation, such as cesium, rubidium or potassium. A halide perovskite film comprising an organic cation with one or more carbon-deuterium bonds, and a solar cell comprising said halide perovskite filmare also disclosed.

A perovskite material including an organic-inorganic perovskite structure of formula (I), A_nMX₃ (I), n being the number of cation A and an integer >4, A being a monovalent cation selected from inorganic cations Ai and/or from organic cations Ao, M being a divalent metal cation or a combination thereof, X being a halide and/or pseudohalide anion or a combination thereof, wherein at least one cation A is selected from organic cations Ao, the inorganic cations Ai are independently selected from Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb³⁰, Cs⁺, or Tl⁺ and the organic cations Ao are independently selected from ammonium (NH₄⁺), methyl ammonium (MA) (CH₃NH₃⁺), ethyl ammonium (CH₃CH₂NH₃)⁺, formamidinium (FA) (CH(NH₂)₂⁺), methylformamidinium (CH₃C(NH₂)₂⁺), guanidium (C((NH)₂)₃⁺), tetramethylammonium ((CH₃)₄N⁺), dimethylammonium ((CH₃)₂NH₂³⁰) or trimethylammonium ((CH₃)₃NH⁺).

The invention discloses a DJ-type methylamine-free narrow-band-gap two-dimensional double-layer hybrid perovskite material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of photoelectric detection. Aiming at the problems of poor overall thermal stability and poor light stability of a material caused by use of methylamine cations and wide band gap of the material caused by use of methylamine cations in the prior art, the preparation method comprises the following steps: synthesizing a FAPbI3 compound with a three-dimensional perovskite structure through step-by-step synthesis, introducing aromatic diamine (3-aminomethylpyridine) cations to obtain a (3-aminomethylpyridine) (formamidine) Pb2I7 crystal material; the material shows excellent light absorption performance in ultraviolet and visible light regions; meanwhile, the material shows excellent broadband detection response performance, and the stability of the material in the environment reaches up to three months. As a novel semiconductor material, the perovskite material has potential application value in the fields of broadband photoelectric detection and the like.

The invention discloses an N, N'-(4-ethyoxyl carbonyl phenyl)-N'-benzyl formamidine preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of benzyl formamidine compound preparation, wherein N, N'-(4-ethyoxyl carbonyl phenyl)-N'-benzyl formamidine is mainly used for an ultraviolet light absorber. According to the N, N'-(4-ethyoxyl carbonyl phenyl)-N'-benzyl formamidine preparation method, ethyl p-aminobenzoate is used as the raw material, and the ethyl p-aminobenzoate is subjected to a synthetic route including formylation, condensation and N-alkylation to prepare the N, N'-(4-ethyoxyl carbonyl phenyl)-N'-benzyl formamidine product. The N, N'-(4-ethyoxyl carbonyl phenyl)-N'-benzyl formamidine preparation method has the remarkable advantages that the time for the overall reaction process is shortened, the total yield is increased, the cost is reduced because filtrate in an aftertreatment process of the formylation reaction and the condensation reaction can be recycled and reused, the yield of final products can be stabilized between 65% and 70%, and the preparation method is beneficial to industrial production.

The invention discloses a process for using iodine lead formamidine as a light absorbing layer of a solar cell and an application thereof, wherein the light-absorbing layer of the solar cell is specifically perovskite containing iodine-lead formamidine component, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a mesoporous structure; (2) preparing a precursor solution containing FAPbI3 iodolead formamidine perovskite: preparing raw materials including PbI2, FAI, CsI, etc. according to chemical dosage ratio, dissolving the raw materials in a solvent and then uniformly stirring to obtain a clear and transparent precursor solution; (3) putting the precursor into the mesoporous structure, standing, and then annealing in the solvent atmosphere to obtain the structure containing iodine lead formamidine. As a result of the anneal treatment assisted by the solvent vapor, the vapor assist of the solvent can slow down the crystallization while inhibiting the volatilization of iodoformamidine (FAI) and the like, so that the FAPbI3 can be stabilized in the black phase in the mesoporous film structure.

Perovskites have high density of vacancies which absorb oxygen molecules and upon illumination, transform them into superoxide species which react with perovskites to decompose them, preventing use of these materials in many photo-applications. The present disclosure provides ways for improving the stability of perovskites in air ambient by doping perovskites with metals such as lead, cadmium, zinc, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and tin which decreases the density of vacancies in perovskites and significantly increases the lifetime of perovskites. Perovskite solar cells containing inorganic and organic ions such as Cs+, formamidinium and methylammonium cations, Pb²+, Br— and I— with these metal dopants exhibit stable efficiency within a month of storage in air ambient with the relative humidity of 50%.

Described herein is an ink solution, comprising a composition of formula (I): ABX₃(I), wherein A comprises at least one cation selected from the group consisting of methylammonium, tetramethylammonium, formamidinium, cesium, rubidium, potassium, sodium, butylammonium, phenethylammonium, phenylammonium, and guanidinium; B comprises at least one divalent metal; and X is at least one halide; and a mixed solvent system comprising two or more solvents selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, γ-butyrolactone, 2-methoxyethanol, and acetonitrile. Methods for producing poly-crystalline perovskite films using the ink solutions described herein and the use of the films in photovoltaic and photoactive applications are additionally described.

The invention relates to a preparation method of formamidinium bromide perovskite quantum dots with controllable size. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1) completely dissolving a certain amount of formamidine acetate, lead bromide, hydrogen bromide, oleic acid and oleylamine in dimethylformamide to prepare a perovskite precursor; 2) injecting the precursor and different amounts of hydrogen bromide solutions into toluene to obtain a mixed solution; 3) centrifuging the mixed solution in a centrifuge tube to remove impurities to obtain formamidinium bromide perovskite quantum dots; and 4) dispersing the product in toluene to obtain the formamidinium bromide perovskite quantum dots with controllable size. The method has the advantages that the raw materials are cheap and easy to obtain, required equipment is simple, popularization is easy, and the size of the quantum dots can be adjusted by adding the amount of HBr. The quantum dots are suitable for the technical field of quantum dot material controllable preparation.

The invention discloses a formamidino perovskite thin film, a perovskite battery assembly and a preparation method of the formamidino perovskite thin film. The preparation raw materials of the formamidino perovskite thin film comprise a formamidino perovskite precursor solution, and the perovskite precursor solution comprises a perovskite component and a high donor number solvent. By coating the formamidino perovskite precursor solution, and carrying out drying and annealing treatment, the formamidino perovskite thin film is obtained. According to the present invention, the perovskite precursor solution contains the high-donor-number solvent, the high-donor-number solvent and the perovskite component in the perovskite precursor solution are combined according to a specific proportion, so that a stable and compact transition phase crystal nucleus can be formed in the film forming process, the generation of inactive yellow-phase formamidino perovskite is inhibited, and the quality of the large-area perovskite thin film is improved, and accordingly the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite battery assembly is improved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a high-stability perovskite quantum dot film by an in-situ crosslinking method. The method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a lead-containing precursor solution; S2, preparing an isopropanol solution of halogenated methylamine, halogenated formamidine and halogenated cesium; S3, preparing a lead-containing polymer film; according to the method provided by the invention, the perovskite quantum dot/polymer hybrid film with high brightness and high stability can be prepared in an atmospheric environment.

The invention provides a preparation method of 2-amino-4, 6-dichloro5formyl pyrimidine. The preparation method comprises the following steps: by taking malononitrile, formamidine or hydrochloride thereof as initial raw materials, carrying out nitrosation, formylation, cyclization, diazotization, Sandmeyer and reduction reaction to prepare the 2-amino-4, 6-dichloro-5-formamidopyrimidine. The preparation method disclosed by the invention is high in yield and high in product purity.

The invention relates to a method for preparing an FAPbI3 perovskite thin film and an efficient perovskite solar cell thereof, and belongs to the field of optoelectronic materials and devices. According to preparation of the pure-phase FAPbI3 thin film, ammonium acetate serving as an additive and a perovskite component are dissolved in N, N-dimethylformamide serving as a precursor solution through a one-step method, the solution is spin-coated on an FTO conductive substrate with an electron transport layer, the uniform and compact perovskite thin film is prepared through annealing, and the whole process is carried out in a water-free and oxygen-free glove box. Subsequent treatment is carried out on the thin film, Spiro-OMeTAD is used as a hole transport layer, and a MoO3 modification layer and a metal electrode are evaporated by using a vacuum evaporation technology so as to complete preparation of the device. The pure-phase FAPbI3 perovskite solar cell prepared by the method has excellent photoelectric conversion efficiency, and ammonium acetate is adopted as an additive, so that a pure-phase formamidino perovskite solar cell can be prepared by a one-step method.