203 results about "Formamidinium" patented technology

The invention provides perovskite ink, a preparation method thereof and a perovskite solar cell. The perovskite ink comprises a precursor solution A and a precursor solution B. The precursor solution A comprises a solute A and a solvent A, the precursor solution B comprises a solute B and a solvent B, the solute A comprises at least one of halogenated methylamine, halogenated formamidine, cesium halide and lead halide, and the solute B comprises at least one of cesium halide, lead halide and halogenated methylamine. The perovskite thin film prepared by using the perovskite ink is higher in crystallinity, larger in grain size after annealing and free of pinholes, and the energy conversion efficiency of the prepared perovskite solar cell is higher than that of a traditional DMF + DMSO solvent system. The invention also provides a preparation method of the perovskite ink and a perovskite solar cell.

The present application discloses a use of an additive, formamidinium iodide and a preparation method therefor, a perovskite solar cell, a solar power generation device, and an electric device. The additive comprises a reducing agent. By incorporating the reducing agent in the additive and using the additive to prepare formamidinium iodide, generation of elemental iodine in the preparation process of formamidinium iodide can be reduced; in addition, iodine which has been oxidized to elemental iodine can be reduced to iodine anions so as to generate formamidinium iodide. The stability of formamidinium iodide is improved, and thus the stability and efficiency of perovskite cells are improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of chemical synthesis, and relates to a black-phase formamidine lead iodide microcrystal as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The invention provides a preparation method of black-phase formamidine lead iodide microcrystals. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a salt compound containing divalent lead, hydriodic acid, formamidine acetate, a reducing acid compound for inhibiting oxidation of iodine anions and deionized water as precursor liquid; and performing high-pressure hydrothermal treatment on the precursor liquid to obtain the black-phase formamidine lead iodide microcrystal. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, water is adopted as a solvent, so that the use of an organic solvent is avoided, and the prepared black-phase formamidine lead iodide microcrystal has high crystallinity and stability and can be stored in a room-temperature air condition for a long time without phase change.

The invention discloses an additive and application thereof, formamidine iodide and a preparation method thereof, a perovskite solar cell, a solar power generation device and a power utilization device. The additive comprises a reducing agent. According to the present invention, the reducing agent is contained in the additive, and is used for preparing the formamidine iodide, such that the generation of the iodine simple substance during the formamidine iodide preparation process can be reduced, the iodine oxidized into the iodine simple substance can be reduced into the iodine negative ion so as to be used for generating the formamidine iodide, and the stability of the formamidine iodide can be improved so as to improve the stability and the efficiency of the perovskite cell.

The invention discloses a perovskite precursor solution, a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method of the perovskite solar cell. The perovskite precursor solution provided by the invention contains a perovskite precursor solute, a perovskite precursor solvent and an additive, the perovskite precursor solute contains lead halide, and further contains at least one of tin halide, formamidine halide, methylamine halide, cesium halide, dimethylamine halide and guanidine halide; the perovskite precursor solvent contains at least one of N, N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, 2-methoxyethanol, valerolactone and acetonitrile, and the perovskite precursor solvent contains at least one of N, N-dimethyl formamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methyl pyrrolidone, 2-methoxyethanol, valerolactone and acetonitrile; the additive contains an organic salt of trifluoromethyl acid. The opening voltage loss is reduced, the filling factor and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery are improved, the precipitation of lead iodide is reduced in the crystallization annealing process, the volatilization of organic cations is inhibited, the non-uniform crystallization is improved, and the stability of the battery is improved.

The invention discloses a perovskite precursor solution additive, a perovskite light absorption layer and a preparation method of the perovskite light absorption layer. The preparation method of the perovskite solar cell comprises the following steps: adding a mixed solution of deionized water containing hydrochloric acid or organic amine hydrochloride and DMF (Dimethyl Formamide) into a perovskite solution to form a perovskite precursor solution, further obtaining a perovskite light absorption layer through a film preparation process, and assembling the solar cell. The crystallization process of the thin film is adjusted through chloride ions, hydroxyl and amino in the aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid or organic amine hydrochloride, decomposition of formamidine iodide is inhibited, growth of crystal grains is promoted, the quality of the thin film is improved, pinhole and grain boundary defects are reduced, and therefore the device performance of a perovskite photovoltaic cell prepared in air is enhanced.

The invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and particularly relates to a method for regulating and controlling lead iodide distribution in the whole process of perovskite nucleation crystallization and a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell. TBA (tert-butyl formamidine hydrochloride) is added in the whole nucleation and crystallization process of the perovskite layer to regulate and control the distribution of lead iodide. Through the whole process of lead iodide management, the improvement of the perovskite crystal quality, the management of the crystal boundary and the regulation and control of the residual lead iodide are realized, and finally the improvement of the efficiency and the stability of the device is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectric materials, in particular to a perovskite material and a preparation method thereof, a perovskite device and a photovoltaic module. The perovskite material has a three-dimensional structure, the chemical general formula of the perovskite material is ABX3, A is an A-site cation, B is a B-site cation, and X is an X-site anion; wherein the A-site cations comprise at least five different types of cations, one type of A-site cations is formamidine cations, and the other types of A-site cations comprise a first type of A-site cations with the ion radius smaller than that of the formamidine cations and a second type of A-site cations with the ion radius larger than that of the formamidine cations; in the A-site cations, the atomic percentage of the first type of A-site cations is greater than the atomic percentage of the second type of A-site cations, and in the A-site cations, the atomic percentage of the formamidine cations is 50%-90%.

The invention discloses a functional formamidine salt treated perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The solar cell comprises a transparent conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, a perovskite active layer, a perovskite modification layer, a hole transport layer and a metal counter electrode which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the perovskite light absorption layer is made of lead iodide formamidine perovskite; and the perovskite modification layer is a low-dimensional passivation layer which grows in a vertical orientation manner and is obtained by carrying out in-situ reaction on functional organic formamidine salt and the three-dimensional perovskite light absorption layer. According to the method, the surface defects of the three-dimensional perovskite thin film are effectively passivated, so that non-radiative recombination is effectively inhibited, and the charge transfer capability is improved; meanwhile, the interface energy level matching degree is optimized, and hole extraction is promoted. The preparation method provided by the invention is simple and easy to realize, has high repeatability, and effectively improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell.

The present disclosure relates to a perovskite system comprising a perovskite film including perovskites having a three-dimensional heterostructure of formula ABX3 characterized by a tetragonal perovskite surface. A comprises at least one of methylammonium, formamidinium, cesium, or guanidinium. B is Pb or Sn. X comprises at least one of I, Br, or Cl. The perovskite system further comprises an interfacial capping layer including anilinium-based surface-capping ligands, the ligands being distributed at the tetragonal perovskite surface of the perovskite film and non-reactive with the perovskites, as determined by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. Also described are methods of preparing the perovskite system, and solar cells or modules comprising the perovskite system.

The invention belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cell material preparation, and particularly provides a simple preparation method of high-purity formamidine hydriodate with controllable crystal form, which comprises the steps of feeding, concentrating, washing, dissolving, crystallizing, washing, drying and the like. The method can be used for synthesis in a room-temperature laboratory, has few steps, is simple to operate, and obviously reduces the difficulty in process production. The crystal is separated out by cooling instead of a poor solvent for recrystallization, and the crystal form of the product can be controlled simply by a simple programmed cooling program with high operability. And meanwhile, by adding the washing procedure, the recrystallization frequency is reduced, the use of an organic solvent is greatly reduced, the post-treatment complexity of the product is also reduced, and the phenomenon that the product is heated and exposed to light in the post-treatment process to generate impurities is effectively avoided.

The invention belongs to the technical field of photoelectric materials and devices, and particularly relates to a perovskite thin film and a preparation method and application thereof. A fluorine-containing phosphazene compound is used as a ligand and is mixed with a perovskite precursor solution composed of lead iodide, formamidine iodine and cesium iodide, spin coating is performed, the fluorine-containing phosphazene compound and part of formamidine cations form hydrogen bonds, part of formamidine cations are anchored at the bottom of a perovskite film, Cs-formamidine cations are uniformly distributed, and the perovskite film is prepared. Meanwhile, the fluorine-containing phosphazene compound and Pb < 2 + > form a coordinate bond, Pb < 2 + > defects are passivated, and the perovskite thin film is obtained through anti-solvent treatment and annealing treatment. The fluorine-containing phosphazene compound interacts with the components in the perovskite precursor solution, so that the nucleation rate of perovskite can be increased, the crystallization rate can be slowed down, the tensile stress can be eliminated, the perovskite does not enter crystal lattices, and the stability and crystallinity of the film are guaranteed. The perovskite thin film can be used for an inverted perovskite solar cell, and the performance and the stability of a device are improved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a perovskite solar cell based on a fused salt doped Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer, and the method comprises the steps: dissolving lead iodide and formamidine iodide in a mixed solvent of N, N-dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide according to a molar ratio of (0.8-1.5): 1 to prepare an FAPbI3 perovskite precursor solution; the method comprises the following steps: mixing cyclohexylamine trifluoroacetic acid and 4-tert-butylpyridine according to a molar ratio of 1: (8-14), dissolving the mixture in a 70-110 mg / mL Spiro-OMeTAD chlorobenzene solution, adding an acetonitrile solution of LiTFSi, and stirring at normal temperature to obtain a hole transport material Spiro-OMeTAD solution; spin-coating the FTO substrate with an electron transport layer material, spin-coating the electron transport layer with the FAPbI3 perovskite precursor solution, and annealing to form a perovskite thin film; the method comprises the following steps: spin-coating an ammonium butyrate iodide solution on a perovskite thin film to obtain an interface modification layer, spin-coating a hole transport material Spiro-OMeTAD solution on the interface modification layer to obtain a cyclohexylamine trifluoroacetic acid doped Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer, and evaporating an interface modification layer and a metal electrode on the Spiro-OMeTAD hole transport layer.

The invention relates to the technical field of perovskite, and discloses a perovskite thin film, a preparation method thereof and a perovskite solar cell, the chemical formula of the perovskite thin film is ABX3, A is selected from at least two mixed cations of cesium, formamidine and methyl ammonium, B is lead, and X is mixed halogen of iodine and bromine; the thickness of the film is 300-600 nm, the grain size is 100-500 nm, the surface roughness Ra is smaller than or equal to 10 nm, guanidine thiocyanate is doped, the doping amount is 0.5-2.5% of the total mass of perovskite, and the molar ratio of iodine to bromine in mixed halogen changes in a gradient mode in the thickness direction of the film. By adopting the design of mixed cations and gradient halogen, the grain size of the prepared perovskite thin film is obviously increased, the surface roughness is obviously reduced, and the PL fluorescence lifetime is greatly prolonged, so that the service life of a carrier is obviously prolonged, and the effects of increasing the grain size of the perovskite thin film, reducing surface defects and enhancing thermal stability are achieved.

The invention discloses an amidino cation-based two-dimensional / three-dimensional perovskite heterojunction and an application thereof in a solar cell, belongs to the technical field of solar cells, and realizes the formation of the two-dimensional / three-dimensional heterojunction by forming an amidino two-dimensional perovskite layer on the surface of a perovskite film. The amidino cation has a relatively high acid dissociation constant, so that condensation reaction between the amidino two-dimensional material and formamidine cation of the three-dimensional perovskite thin film under a high-temperature illumination condition can be effectively avoided, and the photo-thermal stability of the device is further improved. In addition, the amidino two-dimensional layer can also passivate defects at the grain boundary and the surface, reduce non-radiative recombination, enhance the carrier transport capability and improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the device. The perovskite heterojunction is suitable for a new strategy for constructing a perovskite solar cell with both high efficiency and long-term stability, and has a wide practical application prospect.

The invention discloses a perovskite material, a solar cell, a preparation method, electric equipment and power generation equipment, the general formula of the perovskite material is M < x > FA < y > A < 1-x-y > B < X > 3, and M comprises monovalent cations containing an N element; fA is a formamidine cation; a comprises at least one of inorganic or organic monovalent cations, B comprises at least one inorganic divalent cation, and X comprises at least one inorganic monovalent anion. According to the embodiment of the invention, the perovskite material containing formamidine cations is doped and improved through the monovalent cations containing the N element, and the stability of the corresponding perovskite solar cell is improved.

The invention discloses a lead acetate lead source-based pure-phase formamidine perovskite solar cell and a preparation method and application thereof. The lead acetate lead source-based pure-phase formamidine perovskite solar cell sequentially comprises a conductive substrate, an electron transport layer, a pure-phase alpha-FAPbI3 perovskite layer, a hole transport layer, a modification layer and an electrode layer from bottom to top, a solution containing FAI, PbI2 and PbAc2 is used for preparing a perovskite precursor, PbAc2 can form a weak Pb-I effect with free I <-> in the precursor solution, a recombinant Pb-I framework can be formed in situ in the crystallization process, rapid conversion from a delta phase to an alpha phase is promoted, high-quality oriented alpha-FAPbI3 perovskite crystals are formed, the phase stability is high, and the method is suitable for industrial production. And the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite cell prepared by using the material is high.

The invention discloses a perovskite solar cell and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing an inorganic halogenated metal film on the surface of a hole transport layer of a conductive substrate; s2, coating the composite solution on the surface of an inorganic halogenated metal film through a spin-coating method, and annealing to obtain a perovskite film; the composite solution comprises an organic amine salt solution and guanidyl small molecules; the organic amine salt solution comprises at least one of formamidine hydroiodate, methylamine chloride, formamidine hydrobromide, methylamine iodide or methylamine bromide; s3, preparing an electron transport layer on the surface of the perovskite thin film; and evaporating a metal electrode on the surface of the electron transport layer to obtain the perovskite solar cell. According to the invention, the perovskite solar cell is prepared by a dry-wet two-step conversion method; the guanidyl small molecules enter the thin film through diffusion, the growth quality of the thin film is improved, and the photoelectric conversion efficiency and the open-circuit voltage of a dry-wet two-step conversion method are improved.

The invention provides a method for preparing formamidine hydriodate through a one-pot method, formamidine hydriodate and application of formamidine hydriodate, and particularly relates to the technical field of perovskite photovoltaic cell precursor material preparation. The method comprises the following steps: adding an iodine elementary substance and a solvent into a reaction container, dropwise adding a reducing agent to carry out a first reaction, adding formamidine acetate in batches to carry out a second reaction at 0-10 DEG C after the reaction is completed, and carrying out post-treatment purification after the reaction is completed to obtain the formamidine hydriodate. The method directly selects the iodine elementary substance as the raw material, so that the use cost of the raw material is effectively reduced; one-pot integrated reaction is adopted in the preparation process, intermediate separation is not needed, the opportunity that metal impurities are introduced due to multiple transfer and purification operations in a traditional method is reduced, and the content of the metal impurities in the product can be reduced; distillation and other steps with high energy consumption and long time consumption are omitted, so that the reaction period is shortened, and the energy consumption is reduced.

The invention discloses a pure blue light perovskite thin film material with a stable spectrum, and a preparation method and application of the pure blue light perovskite thin film material with the stable spectrum. The spectrum-stable pure blue light perovskite thin film material is prepared from the following raw materials: cesium halide, lead halide, an organic ligand, formamidine hydrobromide, lithium halide and 2-phenylmalonamide. According to the invention, 2-phenylmalonamide is introduced into the mixed halogen perovskite precursor as a functional additive, so that the pure blue light perovskite light-emitting diode with stable spectrum is realized.

Disclosed in the present application are a perovskite material, a solar cell, a preparation method therefor, an electrical device and power generation equipment. The general formula of the perovskite material is MxFAyA1-x-yBX3, M+ being a N-containing monovalent cation, FA+ being formamidinium, A being at least one of inorganic or organic monovalent cations, B being at least one inorganic divalent cation, and X being at least one monovalent anion. The embodiment of the present application dopes a formamidinium-containing perovskite material with a N-containing monovalent cation so as to improve same, thus improving the stability of corresponding perovskite solar cells.

The present invention discloses a perovskite active layer doped with a carbazole-based small molecule, and its preparation method and application. The preparation method includes: dissolving formamidinium iodide, cesium iodide, lead iodide, and methylammonium iodide in an organic solvent to obtain a cesium-formamidinium-methylammonium lead iodide alloy perovskite precursor solution of the ABX3 configuration; doping a carbazole-based small molecule dopant into the perovskite precursor solution; and preparing a carbazole-based small molecule-doped perovskite active layer by any one of spin coating, blade coating, or spray coating. By introducing the carbazole-based small molecule, the present invention effectively adjusts the energy level of the perovskite, improves the crystallinity of the perovskite thin film, and prepares a p-i-n type perovskite solar cell without a hole transport layer. The photoelectric conversion efficiency of the battery device prepared by this method exceeds 26.6%, and it exhibits excellent long-term operation stability.

The invention relates to the field of perovskite solar cells, and discloses a preparation method of an efficient and stable perovskite solar cell based on one-dimensional fluorine-containing formamidine single crystal modification, and the method comprises the steps: selecting transparent conductive glass as a substrate; a [2-(3, 6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid solution is taken to be subjected to spin coating on the surface of the substrate, and a hole transport layer is obtained; spin-coating a perovskite precursor solution containing one-dimensional fluorine-containing formamidine perovskite single crystals on the hole transport layer to obtain a perovskite thin film; dropwise adding an electron transport layer precursor solution on the surface of the perovskite thin film for spin coating to obtain an electron transport layer; and preparing a metal electrode. According to the invention, the one-dimensional fluoroformamidine-containing perovskite single crystal and the three-dimensional perovskite double-anchoring lattice matching are utilized, the quality and the photoelectric property of the solar cell film are synergistically optimized, the efficiency of the perovskite solar cell device is 25.54%, and the unpackaged device still keeps 90.13% of the initial efficiency after 1000 hours under the environmental condition, so that the stability is excellent.

The application discloses a perovskite material, a perovskite thin film, an optoelectronic device and a preparation method thereof, and the chemical general formula of the perovskite material is A'(A x B 1‑x )Pb n X 3n+1 , wherein A' is at least one of a diamino organic molecule, A is methylamine CH3NH3 + , formamidine CH(NH2)2 + , B is Rb + , X is a halogen ion, x is less than 1, and n is a positive integer. The perovskite material is formed by doping Rb + and a long-chain diamino organic molecule to form an organic-inorganic doped perovskite material, and can be applied to the preparation of a perovskite light-emitting layer in an optoelectronic device such as a light-emitting diode. Based on the introduction of Rb + and the diamino organic molecule in the perovskite material, the working life and stability under a current working state can be effectively prolonged.

The invention belongs to the field of photovoltaic materials, and provides a flexible perovskite photovoltaic material and a preparation method thereof. The flexible film comprises a flexible substrate layer which is composed of polyethylene glycol terephthalate, and the surface of the flexible substrate layer is modified with nanoscale silicon dioxide particles; the chemical formula of the perovskite active layer is ABX3, A is mixed positive ions of formamidine ions and cesium ions, B is lead ions, and X is mixed halogen of iodide ions and bromide ions; a flexible packaging layer, wherein the flexible packaging layer is formed by compounding polydimethylsiloxane and graphene; according to the invention, by adopting the collaborative design of the flexible substrate (polyethylene glycol terephthalate) with the surface modified by nano silicon dioxide particles and the polydimethylsiloxane and graphene composite packaging layer, the photovoltaic material can bear more than 1000 times of 180-degree bending circulation, and the efficiency attenuation is less than 5%; the perovskite material is obviously superior to a traditional rigid perovskite material (fracture failure can be achieved after 100 times of bending).

The invention belongs to the field of Velciguat synthesis, and particularly relates to a preparation method of Velciguat and an intermediate product thereof. The preparation method of the Velciguat comprises the following steps: (1) reacting aminomalononitrile with methyl chloroformate to generate an intermediate product I; (2) carrying out ring closing on the intermediate product I and formamidine under an alkaline condition to obtain an intermediate product II; (3) carrying out bromination reaction on the intermediate product II and N-bromosuccinimide to obtain an intermediate product III; (4) reacting the intermediate product III with bis (pinacolato) diboron under the action of a catalyst to obtain an intermediate product IV; and (5) carrying out a reaction on the intermediate product IV and 5-fluoro-1-(2-fluorobenzyl)-3-iodo-1H-pyrazolo [3, 4-b] pyridine to prepare the viriciguat. The method is simple to operate, low in cost and safe in production. The invention also provides the intermediate product obtained by the preparation method.

The application discloses a preparation method of a wide-bandgap perovskite photoactive layer, and comprises the following steps: S1, lead iodide powder, cesium iodide powder and ytterbium bromide powder are proportioned according to a proportioning molar ratio, and an inorganic target material is prepared by using a hot-press sintering process; S2, formamidinium hydriodide powder and methylammonium bromide powder are proportioned according to a proportioning molar ratio, and an organic target material is prepared by using a normal-temperature preparation process; S3, a pretreated substrate is placed on a magnetron sputtering sample table, the target materials prepared in steps S1 and S2 are respectively installed on corresponding radio frequency sputtering targets, and the background of a magnetron sputtering system is vacuumized; S4, high-purity argon gas is used as a sputtering gas, and a wide-bandgap perovskite thin film is prepared by using a magnetron co-sputtering method; the sputtering power of the inorganic target material prepared in step S1 is controlled, the sputtering power of the organic target material prepared in step S2 is controlled, and the thickness of the thin film is controlled, so that the high-quality thin film is prepared by using the differential target material preparation process.

The invention discloses a wide-band-gap perovskite solar cell and a full-perovskite laminated solar cell. Methyl ammonium bromide and guanidine bromide are jointly doped into the perovskite precursor solution to partially replace formamidine iodide, and a multi-element A-site alloy structure is introduced into the perovskite solar cell, so that defects in a perovskite layer are reduced, the service life of a carrier is prolonged, surface non-radiation is inhibited, the voltage loss of a device is reduced, and the performance of the device is improved. Therefore, the performance of the perovskite solar cell is obviously improved.

This invention relates to a novel and improved method for preparing substituted N-(2-chloroethyl)-N'-hydroxy-3-phenoxypyridazine-3-formamidinium, which can be converted into substituted 3-(3-phenoxypyridazine-4-yl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine. Specifically, this invention relates to the preparation of 3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[1-(chloromethyl)-2-(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)ethyl]-N'-hydroxy-6-methylpyridazine-4-formamidinium, which can be converted into 3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-6-methylpyridazine-4-yl]-5-(2-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine; More specifically, it involves 3-(3-chloro-2-fluoro-phenoxy)-N-[1-(chloromethyl)-2-(2-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)ethyl]-N'-hydroxy-6-methyl-pyridazin-4-formamidinium, which can be converted into (5S)-3-[3-(3-chloro-2-fluorophenoxy)-6-methylpyridazin-4-yl]-5-(2-chloro-4-methylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazine.

This invention belongs to the technical field of solar cells and discloses a three-dimensional two-dimensional core-shell self-encapsulated inverted perovskite solar cell and its preparation method. The method involves preparing an inverted planar heterojunction perovskite solar cell using NiO nanocrystals with a particle size of 3-5 nm and SnO2 nanorods with a particle size of 2-4 nm and an aspect ratio of 3-5, respectively, forming a hole transport layer (15-25 nm) and an electron transport layer (15-30 nm). A pyridylamine derivative hydrohalate is attached as a ligand to the surface of the NiO nanocrystals and SnO2 nanorods and added to the PbI2 layer. During the two-step preparation of the three-dimensional perovskite light-absorbing layer (500-800 nm) of formamidine triiodide(II)ate (FAPbI3), two-dimensional perovskites are simultaneously generated at the FAPbI3 / hole transport layer interface, the FAPbI3 / electron transport layer interface, and the grain boundaries within the FAPbI3 layer, thus forming a three-dimensional two-dimensional core-shell self-encapsulated perovskite light-absorbing layer. Finally, an aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) top electrode was sputtered onto the electron transport layer to obtain a three-dimensional two-dimensional core-shell self-encapsulated inverted perovskite solar cell.