The invention discloses a pneumatic hot forming-atomization quenching method and device for an ultrahigh-strength steel complex component, and belongs to the technical fields of advanced metal manufacturing and plastic forming. The method comprises the steps that firstly, a punched plate is heated until austenization is complete; secondly, the punched plate is placed in a pneumatic forming device,a mold is closed, the plate and a female mold body are completely attached by gradually increasing the air pressure, and pressure maintaining is conducted for a period of time; thirdly, high-pressureatomized gas flowing at a high speed is formed in stamping equipment by atomizing supercooled liquid drops with circulating protection gas in a matched mode through a gas circulating control system,quick and uniform quenching is conducted on the ultrahigh-strength steel plate, and the complete Martensite structure is obtained; and lastly, cutting operation, punching operation and the like are conducted. According to the method, the non-uniform quenching phenomenon generated in the ultrahigh-strength steel cooling process can be effectively solved, the service life of the mold can be prolonged, the processes can be reduced, and the product surface quality can be improved; the forming efficiency of ultrahigh-strength steel can be improved, the cost can be reduced, and the high engineeringapplication value is achieved.