The invention provides a pulse current auxiliary self-resistance heating device and a method for partial quick brazing by utilizing the same, relates to a heating device and a method for quick brazing by utilizing the heating device, and aims to solve the problems that during existing welding, a base material and brazing filler metal need to be heated integrally, the energy consumption is high, the heating range is large when partial heating is performed, and a temperature field is uneven. The device comprises a press machine upper plate, a press machine main cylinder, two press machine guide rails, a press machine sliding block, a first ceramic insulating plate, a second ceramic insulating plate, a first electrode, a second electrode, a pulsed power supply, a press machine platform, a first wire and a second wire. The method comprises the steps of adjusting the press machine sliding block to press a first welding base body, the welding brazing filler metal and a second welding base body; causing the pulsed power supply to supply power to the first electrode and the second electrode, heating an area between the first electrode and the second electrode, applying pressure, maintaining the pressure, and performing welding. The device is suitable for partial quick brazing.