143 results about "Cholesterol metabolism" patented technology

This invention relates to a method for prevention and treatment of aging, age-related disorders and / or age-related manifestations including atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, dementia and some forms of arthritis and cancer in a subject comprising administering to said subject, separately, sequentially or simultaneously a therapeutically effective dosage of each component or combination of statins, bisphosphonates, cholesterol lowering agents or techniques, interleukin-6 inhibitor / antibody, interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor / antibody, interleukin-6 antisense oligonucleotide (ASON), gp130 protein inhibitor / antibody, tyrosine kinases inhibitors / antibodies, serine / threonine kinases inhibitors / antibodies, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors / antibodies, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors / antibodies, Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitors / antibodies, IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitors / antibodies, activator protein-1 (AP-1) inhibitors / antibodies, STAT transcription factors inhibitors / antibodies, altered IL-6, partial peptides of IL-6 or IL-6 receptor, or SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) protein, or a functional fragment thereof, administered separately, in sequence or simultaneously. Inhibition of the signal transduction pathway for Interleukin 6 mediated inflammation is key to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, aging, age-related disorders and / or age-related manifestations including osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, dementia and some forms of arthritis and tumors. Inhibition of Interleukin 6 mediated inflammation may be achieved indirectly through regulation of endogenous cholesterol synthesis and isoprenoid depletion or by direct inhibition of the signal transduction pathway utilizing interleukin-6 inhibitor / antibody, interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor / antibody, interleukin-6 antisense oligonucleotide (ASON), gp130 protein inhibitor / antibody, tyrosine kinases inhibitors / antibodies, serine / threonine kinases inhibitors / antibodies, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors / antibodies, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors / antibodies, Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitors / antibodies, IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitors / antibodies, activator protein-1 (AP-1) inhibitors / antibodies, STAT transcription factors inhibitors / antibodies, altered IL-6, partial peptides of IL-6 or IL-6 receptor, or SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) protein, or a functional fragment thereof. Said method for prevention and treatment of said disorders is based on inhibition of Interleukin-6 inflammation through regulation of cholesterol metabolism, isoprenoid depletion and / or inhibition of the signal transduction pathway

This invention relates to a method for prevention and treatment of aging and age-related disorders including atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, dementia and some forms of arthritis and cancer in a subject comprising administering to said subject, separately, sequentially or simultaneously a therapeutically effective dosage of each component or combination of statins, bisphosphonates, cholesterol lowering agents or techniques, interleukin-6 inhibitor / antibody, interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor / antibody, interleukin-6 antisense oligonucleotide (ASON), gp130 protein inhibitor / antibody, tyrosine kinases inhibitors / antibodies, serine / threonine kinases inhibitors / antibodies, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors / antibodies, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors / antibodies, Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitors / antibodies, IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitors / antibodies, activator protein-1 (AP-1) inhibitors / antibodies, STAT transcription factors inhibitors / antibodies, altered IL-6, partial peptides of IL-6 or IL-6 receptor, or SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) protein, or a functional fragment thereof, administered separately, in sequence or simultaneously. Inhibition of the signal transduction pathway for Interleukin 6 mediated inflammation is key to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, aging and age-related disorders including osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, dementia and some forms of arthritis and tumors. Inhibition of Interleukin 6 mediated inflammation may be achieved indirectly through regulation of endogenous cholesterol synthesis and isoprenoid depletion or by direct inhibition of the signal transduction pathway utilizing interleukin-6 inhibitor / antibody, interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor / antibody, interleukin-6 antisense oligonucleotide (ASON), gp130 protein inhibitor / antibody, tyrosine kinases inhibitors / antibodies, serine / threonine kinases inhibitors / antibodies, mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitors / antibodies, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors / antibodies, Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) inhibitors / antibodies, IκB kinase (IKK) inhibitors / antibodies, activator protein-1 (AP-1) inhibitors / antibodies, STAT transcription factors inhibitors / antibodies, altered IL-6, partial peptides of IL-6 or IL-6 receptor, or SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) protein, or a functional fragment thereof. Said method for prevention and treatment of said disorders is based on inhibition of Interleukin-6 inflammation through regulation of cholesterol metabolism, isoprenoid depletion and / or inhibition of the signal transduction pathway.

The invention provides a black soybean cake processing method. The processing comprises the steps that 1, black soybean powder, glutinous rice flour, rice flour, red dates, lily, sweet-scented osmanthus, the fruits of Chinese wolfberry, mint leaves, granulated sugar, sesame powder and palm oil are weighed; 2, the red dates, the lily, the sweet-scented osmanthus, the fruits of Chinese wolfberry and the mint leaves are heated and decocted; 3, the granulated sugar is heated to be dissolved; 4, the black soybean powder, the glutinous rice flour and the rice flour are mixed, and then mixed liquid and the palm oil are added in the mixture for high-temperature steaming; 5, the steamed cake is coated with the sesame powder in a rolling mode. The black soybean cake processing method has simple steps, the black soybean cake is crisp and delicious and makes people enjoy aftertaste, and black soybeans have rich nutrients and have the effects of promoting cholesterol metabolism, lowering blood lipid, preventing cardiovascular disease and the like. Meanwhile, due to the fact that the red dates, the lily, the sweet-scented osmanthus, the fruits of Chinese wolfberry, the mint leaves and the like are added in the formula, the black soybean cake has the effects of enriching yin, nourishing kidney, protecting the liver, nourishing the stomach, discharging toxicant, keeping beauty and the like.

This invention relates to a method for prevention and treatment of Atherosclerosis, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, and age-related disorders including Osteoporosis, Arthritis, Type II Diabetes, Dementia and Alzheimer's disease in a subject comprising administering to said subject a therapeutically effective dosage of each component or combination of statins, bisphosphonates, cholesterol lowering agents or techniques, interleukin-6 inhibitor / antibody, interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor / antibody, gp130 protein inhibitor / antibody, tyrosine kinases inhibitors / antibodies, STAT transcription factors inhibitors / antibodies, altered IL-6, partial peptides of IL-6 or IL-6 receptor, or SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) protein, or a functional fragment thereof, administered separately, in sequence or simultaneously. Inhibition of the signal transduction pathway for Interleukin 6 mediated inflammation is key to the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery disease, aging and age-related disorders including osteoporosis, type 2 diabetes, dementia and some forms of arthritis and tumors. Inhibition of Interleukin 6 mediated inflammation may be achieved indirectly through regulation of endogenous cholesterol synthesis and isoprenoid depletion or by direct inhibition of the signal transduction pathway including interleukin-6 inhibitor / antibody, interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor / antibody, gp130 protein inhibitor / antibody, tyrosine kinases inhibitors / antibodies, STAT transcription factors inhibitors / antibodies, altered IL-6, partial peptides of IL-6 or IL-6 receptor, or SOCS (suppressors of cytokine signaling) protein, or a functional fragment thereof. Said method for prevention and treatment of said disorders is based on inhibition of Interleukin-6 inflammation through regulation of cholesterol metabolism, isoprenoid depletion and inhibition of the signal transduction pathway.

A measuring device and a method estimates the quantity and quality of exercises performed having an advantageous impact on cholesterol metabolism. In the method, accelerations exerted on a person during daily exercise performed by the person are continuously recorded by a measuring device including an acceleration transducer. The recorded results are visible in the measuring device or an external device. Based on the received feedback, the person can change the quantity and quality of his / her exercise so that it has an advantageous impact on cholesterol metabolism.

The sulfated oxysterol 5-cholesten-3β, 25-diol 3-sulphate, a nuclear cholesterol metabolite that decreases lipid biosynthesis and increases cholesterol secretion and degradation, is provided as an agent to lower intracellular and serum cholesterol and / or triglycerides, and to prevent or treat lipid accumulation-associated inflammation and conditions associated with such inflammation. Methods which involve the use of this sulfated oxysterol to treat conditions associated with high cholesterol and / or high triglycerides and / or inflammation (e.g. hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, atherosclerosis, etc.) are also provided.

The invention reveals that endogenous cholesterol metabolic product cholestane-3 beta, 5 alpha, 6 beta-triol (YC-5) has protection function for neuronal damage caused by cerebral ischemia, ischemia ofspinal cord, epileptic seizure and convulsion and relates to an application of YC-5 in preparation of neuronal protection medicine. The YC-5 can be prepared from cholesterol through two steps. The primitive cell culture in vitro and spinal cord ischemia animal model proves that YC-5 has protection function for neuronal damage caused by cerebral ischemia, ischemia of spinal cord, epileptic seizureand convulsion. YC-5 in effective dose has no toxic and side reactions. YC-5 is an effective neural protectant which aims to multiple molecular mechanism and cures cerebral ischemia damage, spinal cord ischemia damage, epileptic seizure and convulsion.

This invention relates to a method for prevention and treatment of Atherosclerosis, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, and age-related disorders including Osteoporosis, Arthritis, Type II Diabetes, Dementia and Alzheimer's disease in a subject comprising administering to said subject a therapeutically effective dosage of each component or combination of statins, bisphosphonates and / or cholesterol lowering agents or techniques, administered separately, in sequence or simultaneously. Cholesterol Metabolites (isoprenoids) are an integral component of the signaling pathway for Interleukin 6 mediated inflammation. Interleukin 6 inflammation is the common causative origin for Atherosclerosis, Peripheral Vascular Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, and age-related disorders including Osteoporosis, Arthritis, Type II Diabetes, Dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Said method for prevention and treatment of said disorders is based on inhibition of Interleukin-6 inflammation through regulation of cholesterol metabolism and isoprenoid depletion.

The invention provides the construction for a farnesyl pyrophosphoric acid synthetase RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) interference recombinant lentivirus vector, which comprises the following steps of: sieving the most effective target sequence of an FDS (farnesyl diphosphate synthase) gene RNAi (RNA interference) in a tool cell 293T cell, synthesizing the double-stranded DNA of the most effective target sequence, connecting to a pGCSIL-GFP vector and successfully constructing the recombinant vector through enzyme cutting, sequencing and identification. Researches indicate that the constructed RNA interference vector LV-sh-FDS can downwards modulate the expression of an FDS mRNA (Messenger RNA) level in a neonatal rat cardiac myocyte, simultaneously can downwards modulate the expression of myocardial hypertrophy markers such as cell areas and marker genes beta-MHC (Myosin Heavy Chain) and BNP (Brain Natriuretic Peptide), additionally can effectively inhabit the activity of RhoA while downwards modulating the FDS, can be applied in preparing medicaments for treating myocardial hypertrophy diseases and also can be applied in preparing medicaments for cholesterol metabolic control.

The present invention provides methods for treating a variety of hyperproliferative and inflammatory mucocutaneous disorders, including, basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, psoriasis and atopic dermatitis, as well as skin irritation and disorders associated with skin aging and skin photodamage using inhibitors of cholesterol metabolism. The present invention further relates to the discovery that the combined use of several inhibitors of cholesterol metabolism produces synergistic effects. Furthermore, the present invention is directed to the use of inhibitors of cholesterol metabolism as excipients to enhance the effects of antiinflammatory drugs.

The invention relates to a health-care konjak rice glue ball and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing rice glue ball powder; preparing stuffing; molding the stuffing; quick-freezing; rolling circles of the molded stuffing; packaging; and refrigerating. In the health-care konjak rice glue ball, the konjaku flour is utilized as a main raw material, the konjac glucomannan in the konjaku flour not only is an excellent water-soluble dietary fiber with low calorie, low fat and high cellulose, but also has an important regulating effect in nutritive equilibrium, functions of losing weight, relaxing bowel and regulating cholesterol metabolism, and obvious curative effects on diseases such as arteriosclerosis, gallstone, constipation, diabetes, obesity and the like, thus being a health-care food; lotus rhizome contains various nutritions, is rich in calcium, phosphonium, ferrum and multivitamins and has various functions of reducing fever and moistening the lung, strengthening the spleen and stimulating the appetite, reducing the blood pressure, arresting hemorrhage and the like, thus being a favorable tonic for the old, the young, women, children and weak patients; and sweet potatoes are rich in multivitamins, amino acid and dietary fiber which are essencial to a human body as well as various mineral substances such as calcium, ferrum and the like, are high in amylopectin content and can be easily digested and absorbed by the human body, thus being a health-care food.

The invention provides compounds, compositions and methods for modulating the effects of LXRα in a cell. The compounds and compositions are useful both as diagnostic indicators of LXRα function and as pharmacologically active agents. The compounds and compositions find particular use in the treatment of disease states associated with cholesterol metabolism, particularly atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia.

5-cholesten, 3β, 25-diol, disulfate (25HCDS) has been found to be an authentic PPARγ agonist and LXR antagonist, and is used for the therapy of lipid disorders and inflammatory diseases, including without limitation fatty liver, inflammatory bowel, and atherosclerotic diseases.

The invention provides a composition and a method for lowering blood serum cholesterol levels or for preventing elevated blood serum cholesterol levels, as well as a suitable composition comprising (a) one or more phytosterols and / or phytostanols capable of reducing cholesterol absorption in the intestine and / or one or more soluble fibres capable of inhibiting ileal bile acid absorption, (b) a composition capable of inhibiting cholesterol biosynthesis, and (c) a composition capable of increasing cholesterol metabolism, wherein at least one of compositions (b) and (c) is preferably derived from plants.

The sulfated oxysterol 5-cholesten-3β, 25-diol 3-sulphate, a nuclear cholesterol metabolite that decreases lipid biosynthesis and increases cholesterol secretion and degradation, is provided as an agent to lower intracellular and serum cholesterol and / or triglycerides, and to prevent or treat lipid accumulation-associated inflammation and conditions associated with such inflammation. Methods which involve the use of this sulfated oxysterol to treat conditions associated with high cholesterol and / or high triglycerides and / or inflammation (e.g. hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver diseases, atherosclerosis, etc.) are also provided.

The invention provides a coffee mate product prepared from pine nuts, belongs to the field of a beverage processing biotechnology, and relates to a coffee mate product adopting pine nut oil microcapsules to be matched with coffee drinks. The coffee mate product is prepared from 60%-80% by weight of pine nut oil microcapsule powder and 20%-40% by weight of sucrose. The pine nut oil microcapsule powder of the coffee mate contains rich unsaturated fatty acid and especially has the highest linoleic acid content; the unsaturated fatty acid can promote cholesterol metabolism, reduce blood lipid and increase the content of high-density lipoprotein in serum, prevent lipid deposition on a liver and an arterial wall, reduce platelet cohesion and reduce thrombosis, and the coffee mate product prepared from the pine nuts is ideal food for protection of blood vessels of the crowd with hyperlipidemia.

The invention relates to a real-time quantification PCR chip used for detecting gene expression of mouse cholesterol metabolism. The real-time quantification PCR chip uses 88 genes closely related to cholesterol metabolism as detection sites and selects 4 house-keeping genes. The real-time quantification PCR chip provided by the invention can carry out target analysis on gene related to mouse cholesterol metabolism, needs a short experimental period, has simple data processing and low cost, does not need special experiment organization detection, needs only a quantification PCR instrument and has the advantages of high amplification efficiency, reliable quantification results, good repeatability and high specificity.

The present invention relates to compositions and methods for reducing cholesterolemia and its effects. More specifically, the invention is directed, in one embodiment, to methods for screening for compounds that affect cholesterol levels generally, and in particular, that affect the absorption of cholesterol. The invention also is directed to methods of screening for compounds that increase bile acid synthesis. In so doing, the inventors describe useful transgenic cells and animals which lack one or both alleles of the LXRα gene. Also provided are therapeutic methods designed to reduce cholesterol levels in suitable subjects. The reduction may be effected by decreasing cholesterol absorption, increasing bile acid synthesis, or combinations thereof. Particularly useful in decreasing cholesterol absorption are RXR agonists, for example, rexinoid compounds. Therapeutic intervention in cholesterol biosynthesis and diet are additional adjunct therapies. In addition, the present invention relates to candidate compounds that modulate the expression of ABC-1 in a cell that expresses RXR. Methods of identifying and making a modulator of ABC-1 are disclosed.

The invention discloses nutritional konjak and dietary fiber rice which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-95 parts of main powder, 5-10 parts of sticky rice powder and 1-1.5 parts of konjak powder. The nutritional rice is long in shelf life, full and complete in rice grains and free of breaking, delaminating and collapsing phenomena. 1kg of the nutritional rice contains about 400-600 kcal of heat and about 240g-400g of dietary fibers. The nutritional rice is fragrant and attractive and soft and sticky in mouth feel, can be cooked at will, and has the effects of protecting the health, losing weight, regulating the intestines, preventing constipation, inhibiting cholesterol metabolism, reducing the triglyceride content and preventing and treating hypertension and diabetes.

The invention discloses a black tea composition for adjusting blood fat and a preparation method of the black tea composition. Black tea can be Anhua black brick tea prepared from large-leaf tea in Anhua, one or more of Anhua black tea such as Fu-zhuan tea, Hua-zhuan tea, Qing-zhuan tea, Qianliang tea, Bailiang tea, Tianjian tea, Shengjian tea and Gongjian tea, or the entire series of products of Anhua black tea. A traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared from cherokee rose fruit, the fruit of Chinese wolfberry and ginkgo. The black tea composition disclosed by the invention can reduce the content of cholesterol in liver and blood by regulating cholesterol metabolism balance so as to achieve the purpose of regulating blood fat.

The invention discloses composite oral fat nano milk and a preparing method thereof. The composite oral fat nano milk is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10-50 parts of flaxseed oil, 10-90 parts of medium chain triglyceride (MCT), 0.2-0.5 parts of vitamin E, 24-50 parts of glycerinum, 1-50 parts of egg yolk lecithin, 1-50 parts of tween 80 and 700-950 parts of purified water. The invention adopts the oral fat nano milk prepared from the flaxseed oil and MCT, so fatty nutrient elements especially omega-3unsaturatted fatty acid can be supplemented and medium and long chain fatty acids are matched to improve the absorption speed of the fatty nutrient elements. The egg yolk lecithin-tween 80 mixed emulsifier is adopted to increase the lecithin nutrient component, and promotes cholesterol metabolism, and due to the nutrient elements of the omega-3unsaturatted fatty acid and the lecithin, the product has well adjusting action for metabolic disturbance of human body fat. The fat milk is made into nano milk, and the bioavailability and stability of the preparation can be improved compared with common milk.

This invention relates to oxysteroids and oxysteroid hormones which have been identified. These oxysteroids are C27 modified sterols, particularly derivatives of intermediates in cholesterol synthesis, including lanosterol, zymosterol and desmosterol, including C27 diol and C27 acid derivatives, as well as related compounds and analogs thereof. The oxysteroids are capable of binding to or otherwise interacting with orphan nuclear receptors to result in modulation of gene expression. The invention further relates to methods of modulating the rate of cholesterol synthesis in a mammal. More specifically, the invention relates to treatment of cholesterol-related conditions which are improved or ameliorated by modulating the rate of cholesterol synthesis or cholesterol metabolism in a human in need thereof by administration of these oxysteroids, analogs or antagonists thereof. The invention includes methods for ameliorating, treating or preventing macular degeneration in a mammal comprising administering to said mammal an agent which stimulates or enhances the expression or activity of steroid sulphotransferase (SLUT2), particularly SLUT2B1b, or which stimulates or enhances the expression or activity of CYP27A1 or sterol 27-hydroxylase or otherwise increasing the sulfonation or 27-hydroxylation of cholesterol intermediates, including 7-ketocholesterol. Assays for identification of analogs, antagonists or modulators of these oxysteroids or of sterol 27-hydroxylase are also provided.

The invention discloses medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) nano-emulsion and a preparation method thereof. The MCT nano-emulsion is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 10-90 parts of MCT (1), 24-50 parts of glycerinum (2), 1-50 parts of egg yolk lecithin (3), 1-50 parts of Tween 80 (4) and 700-950 parts of purified water (5). The MCT is prepared into oral fatty nano-emulsion, so that the absorbing speed of fatty nutrients is increased. The egg yolk lecithin and the Tween 80 are mixed into an emulsifier, so that lecithin nutrient components are increased, and cholesterol metabolism is facilitated. Through nutrient components such as medium-chain fatty acid and the lecithin, the product plays a very good role in regulating metabolic disturbance of human body fat. Meanwhile, the MCT is prepared into the nano-emulsion, so that the uncomfortable symptoms of nausea, emesis, diarrhea or abdominal spastic pain and the like caused by orally taking of the MCT can be avoided.

The present invention is the preparation process and application in health food and medicine of blattaria oil. The preparation process of blattaria oil includes quick freezing at -10 deg.c for 1-3 hr to kill blattaria, vacuum drying inside a vacuum drying box at 300 mmHg pressure and 60 deg.c temperature for 6-10 hr to water content below 5 %, crushing, and solvent extraction to obtain blattaria oil. The blattaria oil is used in preparing soft capsule and synthesizing prostaglandin, and it has the functions of improving metabolism of liver and gall bladder, regulating cholesterol metabolism, controlling lipoid content in serum, regulating immunity, regulating blood sugar, promoting the absorption of oil and liposoluble vitamins, killing and inhibiting malignant tumor cell, preventing cardiac vascular diseases and resisting rheumatism and rheumatoid.

The invention discloses medium-chain and long-chain fat emulsion injection and a preparation method thereof. The injection is prepared by the following components: every 1000 ml of injection contains 50-200 g of refined linseed oil, 50-200 g of medium-chain oil for injection, 6-18 g of an emulsifier, 15-35 g of an isoosmotic adjusting agent, 0.1-2 g of an antioxidant, and water for injection in balancing amount, wherein the pH value of the injection is adjusted to be 5.0-9.0 by adopting a pH value conditioning agent, and the medium-chain oil for injection is medium-chain triglyceride. The preparation method comprises oil phase preparation, water phase preparation, elementary fat emulsion preparation, homogenization and fine filtration. The medium-chain and long-chain fat emulsion injection provided by the invention is a fat emulsion for injection containing the linseed oil, and has good stability; due to the low content of linoleic acid and the high content of linolenic acid in the medium-chain and long-chain fat emulsion injection, the adverse clinical reactions caused by high content of the linoleic acid in the existing fat emulsion injection are solved; and the medium-chain and long-chain fat emulsion injection has the important efficacy of maintaining lipoprotein balance, reducing blood fat, regulating cholesterol metabolism, dropping blood pressure, resisting thrombus and preventing canceration.

The invention relates to the field of biological analysis methods, and in particular to an analysis method of cecal metabolome in a broiler chicken. The change of metabolites and metabolic pathways ofcecal contents after the broiler chicken eats a yeast culture produced at different fermentation time is detected by jointly using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, thereby determining the influence of the yeast culture on the cecal metabolic regulation and the metabolites of the broiler chicken. Metabolomics data show that yeast culture is used for feeding the broiler chicken, the cecal differential metabolites mainly involve in amino acid metabolism and cholesterol metabolism, and participates in fat, vitamin digestion and absorption processes.