The invention discloses an x ray diffraction data acquisition and process system, which includes a computer, a control circuit, an angle measurer, a detector, a scaler, a signal treating system as well as an X ray window, the computer, the signal processing system, the X ray window, the angle measurer are connected with the control circuit; the detector is arranged on the angle measurer, which is connected with the signal processing system; the scaler is arranged on the angle measurer, which is connected with the control circuit. The control circuit includes a single-chip, which is used on a accounting device for recoding x ray photon numbers and other devices. The x ray diffraction data acquisition and process system provided by the invention uses a stepping motor with high precision, and has fine controllability, high positioning accuracy and the functions of test and analysis of routine x ray diffraction, because the control circuit is added, consequently the real-time microcomputer test controlled by the computer is realized in the system, which improves the work efficiency and the quality.