51 results about "Electronic counter-countermeasures" patented technology

A system deploys electronic countermeasures against unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that are determined to be a threat. A signal detector detects radio signals communicated between a remote control unit and UAV. A feature extractor extracts signal features from the detected radio signals, and a classifier determines whether the detected radio signals correspond to a known or unknown radio protocol. A threat analyzer determines if a detected UAV is a threat based on at least one of remote-sensing data and classification(s) of the detected radio signals. When a UAV system employs an unknown radio protocol, a mitigation engine synthesizes an exploit based on corresponding extracted signal features. A response analyzer detects a response from the UAV system when an exploit is activated and mayadapt the exploit based on the response. In some cases, the exploits can be configured against a UAV in autopilot mode.

A system is provided that has an ECM (electronic counter measures) system and a transponder monitor connected to or forming part of the ECM system. The system monitors for a transponder signal from a remote transponder. The system determines information, such as transponder location, based on the transponder signal and makes use of the information in the ECM system and / or the system extracts encoded information contained in the transponder signal, such as information about a transponder owner, such as status of consumables, medical status. The ECM system may have a reactive jammer that is used both for a reactive jamming function, and as the transponder monitor function.

The invention relates to the technical field of radar electronic countermeasures, and discloses a single-pulse tracking and guiding radar coherent jamming method based on target range profile template matching. The method is characterized in that frequency domain response of an all-attitude angle target is established on an operating frequency of a typical airborne single-pulse tracking and guiding radar, and database construction of an all-attitude angle extended target range profile is completed; parameter measurement, feature extraction and signal reconstruction are carried out on radar signals when a ship-borne electronic support measure (ESM) reconnaissance system reconnoiters transmitting signals of the airborne tracking and guiding radar; a ship-borne jammer carries out matching processing on reconstructed signals and scattering properties of a protected target, additional phase shift and time delay parameters are set, and jamming signals which have a stable phase relation with target echoes are generated. The single-pulse radar coherent jamming method is applicable to jamming devices on various platforms of ships, airplanes and the like, a self-defense electronic jamming ability is provided in allusion to an extended target, and the single-pulse tracking and guiding radar is enabled to create a good angle deception jamming effect.

A tactical radio includes a radio frequency (RF) processing module having a receiving component path and a transmitting component path. A signal processing module coupled to the RF processing module includes a jammer detection stage for identifying a type of jamming signal on a channel over which communications signals are received simultaneously. A jammer model stage in the signal processing module produces a waveform model for the jamming signal, and a channel model stage replicates propagation conditions on the channel and produces a corresponding cancellation signal. The cancellation signal is coupled at such a level into the receiving component path so as to cancel the jamming signal from received communications signals at the front end of the radio. Any residual jamming signals may then be removed by a secondary jamming cancellation stage operating at baseband.

The invention discloses a phase interferometer based on a broadband conformal antenna array and a parameter estimation method thereof. The phase interferometer is characterized by comprising a five-unit Vivladi conformal antenna array, a streamline ceramic antenna housing and a metal connecting ring on the antenna housing, wherein the number N of antenna units of the five-unit Vivladi conformal antenna array is 5, each unit is shaped on the surface of the antenna housing, the antenna units and the antenna housing are conformal, and the units are arranged circumferentially to form a ring array. The phase interferometer is suitable for a missile-borne passive direction finding system, and the estimation algorithm for electromagnetic parameters of radiation source signals is also applicable in relevant fields of electronic reconnaissance, electronic countermeasure and the like and has more comprehensive parameter measurement performance and platform adaptability.

The invention provides an ultra wide band antenna with trap characteristic, which comprises a medium substrate, a radiating unit, a coplanar waveguide feed signal zone line and a coplanar waveguide ground plane, wherein the coplanar waveguide feed zone line is directly connected with the radiating unit, and the coplanar waveguide ground plane surrounds the radiating unit and the coplanar waveguide feed signal zone line. The antenna has favorable wide band characteristic and omnidirectional radiation characteristic, and the trap characteristic of the antenna can avoid interfering communications of wireless local area networks. The antenna has the advantages of simple and compact design, small size, convenient processing and low cost. The invention can be used for electronic reconnaissance and electronic countermeasure, terminal receiving equipment for tracking, electromagnetic protection and ultra wide band wireless communications, and the like.

The invention provides a radar countermeasure equipment effectiveness evaluation method based on hardware-in-the-loop simulation. Electromagnetic environment simulation in a lab and a hardware-in-the-loop environment simulated by a countermeasure object are used, a corresponding countermeasure scene is set according to application conditions and performance requirements of different pieces of countermeasure equipment, and a real-time and radio frequency-level hardware-in-the-loop simulation experiment is developed; according to recorded information, a multi-dimension effectiveness representation model is used, and a countermeasure effectiveness evaluation result is obtained. The method of the invention is applied to the performance detection and evaluation design step in the current radar electron countermeasure equipment development, the electron reconnaissance ability and the electron interference ability of the electron countermeasure equipment in different complexity signal environments can be detected under the lab condition, and promotion roles can be played in research on electromagnetic signal environment adaptability of the electron countermeasure equipment, electron interference effectiveness in view of different radar threat objects, and research on the countermeasure technology.

The invention relates to a terahertz sensor, in particular to a graphene nanoribbon array terahertz sensor based on optical waveguide. The graphene nanoribbon array terahertz sensor comprises a bottom grid, a low-resistivity silicon substrate, a lower insulation layer, a graphene nanoribbon array, a source leak electrode, an upper insulation layer, a top grid, an optical waveguide structure, an incidence coupling raster, an emitting coupling raster and a driving circuit, wherein the lower insulation layer, the graphene nanoribbon array, the source leak electrode, the upper insulation layer, the top grid, the optical waveguide structure, the incidence coupling raster, the emitting coupling raster and the driving circuit are arranged on the substrate; the graphene materials have the photoelectric characteristics of high carrier mobility, electronic scattering-free transmission and adjustable energy gap and adopt the graphene nanoribbon and p-i-n photoelectric detecting structure. By means of characteristics of collection, transmission and gathering of the optical waveguide, and the composite structure of the large-area optical waveguide and the graphene nanoribbon array is designed. The terahertz sensor has the advantages of high light energy utilization rate, high sensitivity, fast response, simple operation and structure at the room temperature, convenience in integration and small size, can be widely applied to the fields of security check, drug smuggling investigation, counter terrorism, medical imaging, nondestructive testing, electronic countermeasures, radar, remote sensing, outer space wideband communication and the like.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic countermeasure, and particularly relates to an airborne radar radio frequency stealth performance evaluating method. The airborne radar radio frequency stealth performance evaluating method comprises the following steps of obtaining a detection equation of an airborne radar and a reconnaissance equation of each intercept receiver; obtaining the transmitting peak power PT of the airborne radar; 3, according to the transmitting peak power PT of the airborne radar and the reconnaissance equation of each intercept receiver, obtaining the power Pi of a signal received by the corresponding intercept receiver; obtaining a calculation formula of the probability pi of the corresponding beam successfully intercepted by at least one intercept receiver when the airborne radar transmits one beam; according to the power PI required by the signal detected by each intercept receiver, and the power Pi of the signal received by the corresponding intercept receiver, obtaining the probability pi of the corresponding beam successfully intercepted by at least one intercept receiver when the airborne radar transmits one beam; according to the value of pi, evaluating the radio frequency stealth performance of the airborne radar.

The invention provides an electronic countermeasure simulation system, which comprises a signal generation module. The signal generation module is used for generating a pulse description word data stream according to received scene parameters and outputting the pulse description word data stream for signal simulation. Through using the pulse description words to describe basic features of radio frequency pulses, a complex and changeable battlefield electromagnetic environment can be described thoroughly, features of aspects such as a time domain, a frequency domain and airspace of the electromagnetic environment can be described, and needs of simulating the complex battlefield electromagnetic environment by electronic countermeasure simulation can be met.

The invention discloses a relativistic magnetron for realizing a frequency hopping operation by utilizing a transparent negative electrode, and belongs to the technical field of electronic countermeasure. The relativistic magnetron comprises a shell, a co-cavity structured positive electrode, a magnetron resonant cavity, the transparent negative electrode consisting of a plurality of sector negative electrodes, a tuning unit and an energy coupling output apparatus. According to the relativistic magnetron, the conventional columnar negative electrode is designed into the sector transparent negative electrode; the mode conversion between a pi mode and a 2pi mode is realized by changing the relative angle between the negative electrode fan-shaped emitting surface and the fan-shaped resonant cavity; when the relative angle between the negative electrode emitting surface and the fan-shaped resonant cavity is changed, the static electric field distribution between the negative electrode and the positive electrode is changed accordingly; meanwhile, the initial phase position of an electron beam relative to a resonant mode high frequency field is affected as well; therefore, when the negative electrode is rotates, the working mode of the relativistic magnetron is changed along with the change of the relative angle between the negative electrode emitting surface and the fan-shaped resonant cavity so as to fulfill the purpose of changing the frequency agility.

The invention relates to an experiment teaching system of an electronic countermeasures technology, wherein the method is applied to the technical field of the electronic countermeasures of the electronic information major of the institution of higher learning. The system comprises a hardware part and a software part. A directional receiving antenna is used for receiving a signal; the signal is sent to a low-noise small-signal resonant amplifier by a duplexer for amplification; a power divider divides the signal into four paths of signals that are sent into analog mixers; and down conversion is carried out to obtain analog intermediate-frequency signals. Each paths of mixing input with a difference of 30MHz is provided directly by a digital frequency synthesizer, so that a 120-MHz bandwidth signal can be received simultaneously. After obtaining a digital signal based on analog-to-digital conversion, the signal is sent into a signal analysis processor to carry out analysis processing, thereby obtaining a signal feature parameter. According to the system, the hardware circuit employs the double frequency mixing circuit to carry out investigation and giving interference on double channel signals; reliability of the digital experiment system is high; and the post operation and maintenance costs are reduced.

The invention relates to the field of radar and electronic countermeasures, and discloses an ultra-wideband radar signal jamming simulator. The ultra-wideband radar signal jamming simulator comprisesan ultra-wideband receiver, a detection processing module (DRFM), a jamming strategy module and a broadband debugging module, wherein the ultra-wideband receiver performs amplification, channel selection and mixing on a broadband radio frequency signal to obtain a broadband baseband signal; an input end of the detection processing module is connected to an output end of the ultra-wideband receiverso as to perform high-speed digital sampling and discrimination processing to obtain a signal A, and the signal A is recorded and stored in real time; the jamming strategy module is a preset electronic countermeasure expert database, can carry out oppressive jamming, deception jamming and combined jamming on a target according to requirements and forms a wide baseband data waveform (B); and the broadband debugging module receives a wide baseband signal containing the jamming strategy, performs broadband debugging to convert the wide baseband signal into radio frequency, then performs filtering and broadband linear power amplification and sends out the radio frequency. The ultra-wideband radar signal jamming simulator greatly promotes the anti-jamming ability of the radar signal.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic countermeasures, in particular to a dual-satellite positioning method based on a WGS (World Geodetic System)-84 model. A dual-satellite direction-finding positioning closed resolving method based on the WGS-84 model is provided, the dual-satellite direction-finding closed resolving method is provided through the pseudo linearization of anangle measuring equation and combination of WGS-84 earth ellipsoidal model restraint, earth surface target radiation source is positioned and resolved, a weighted least square solution analysis of thetarget under the restraining action of an earth ellipsoidal model is provided; as proved by the simulation, the algorithm can approach the Cramer-Rao low bound (CRLB) of positioning error when the system direction-finding error is not very large; compared with the conventional method of directly resolving a multivariate non-linear equation by an analytical method and using a Newton iteration method to resolve the target position, the method has the advantages that when the two satellites are in the same rail or different rails, the target can be positioned and resolved uniformly, under the method, the configuration of a satellite is flexible, iteration resolution is not required, calculation amount is low, and the problem of inaccurate positioning solution is solved.

This invention discloses a strip line large power microwave limiter including a frame, a top cover plate, a bottom cover plate, limiting diodes, a spreader spring sheet, screws and a resonant cavity, which applies a stripline structure as the transmission carrier of microwave signals, sets several compressed stages of limiting diodes of back to back compressed mode and sets compacting screws on its top and bottom cover plates, and a round groove is opened on the top and bottom plates to form a resonant cavity matching with the diode to realize limit transmission to large power microwave signals and low loss transmission to small signals applying combinations of different thickness combination layers.

The invention discloses a radiation platform correlation method based on radiation source space positions, belongs to the technical field of electronic countermeasures and relates to the data correlation technology and the data fusion technology. The method is mainly carried out from the perspective of a space distribution structure of radiation sources on one platform, and through correlation technologies of space clustering, template matching and similarity detection, radiation sources from different platforms are subjected to platform correlation. In combination with a specific context, under the condition that positioning precision is high, positioned radiation source observation values within a period of time are subjected to clustering correlation, and therefore whether radiation source signals at different moments come from the same platform or not is judged. When observation errors are SIGMA, 5SIGMA and 10SIGMA and cluster density is at different values, the correlation accuracy based on the space structure radiation source correlation algorithm is shown in the figures 4-6, the performance of the algorithm is reduced along with increase of the cluster density, when the cluster density is within le-5 (per m<2>), the correlation accuracy is 85% or above, the observation errors are within 35-fold SIGMA, and it can be guaranteed that the correlation accuracy reaches 80%.

The invention discloses a novel multi-channel electronic reconnaissance and electronic countermeasure integrated device and method. The device includes a high-performance signal processing module, a high-performance signal analysis module and a magnetic disk array; the high-performance signal processing module is mainly used for preprocessing signals to be reconnoitered so as to obtain signals tobe analyzed; the high-performance signal analysis module is used for performing spectrum analysis and parameter estimation on the signals to be analyzed so as to obtain information of interest, and generating alarm signals according to the information of interest; the magnetic disk array is used for storing the signals to be analyzed and the information of interest; and the high-performance signalprocessing module is used for receiving the signals to be analyzed and the information of interest read back from the magnetic disk array by the high-performance signal analysis module, and generating interference signals accordingly. The device promptly performs early warning after performing pre-processing and spectrum analysis on the intercepted signals, and generates the interference signalsat the same time, thereby interfering with the equipment of enemies, and quickly attacking the electronic equipment of the enemies.

The invention relates to the technical field of electronic countermeasures radio frequency stimulation, and discloses electronic countermeasures radio frequency artificial antenna array equipment and a feed control method. The equipment adopted in the method is connected with the input end of a power combiner through a plurality of feed control circuits connected with radio frequency signals, and a plurality of channels of the first part of the output end of the power combiner are connected with the input end of a polarization control circuit through feeder lines. A plurality of channels of the second part of the output end of the power combiner are correspondingly connected with the input end of the polarization control circuit through last-stage amplification control circuit channels. The output end of the polarization control circuit is connected with a triad radio frequency artificial antenna array. The method that high-output-power antenna units and low-output-power antenna units are arranged alternately is adopted, and the aims that a simulation system can meet large-caliber antenna equipment with high radio frequency signal receiving capacity, and the experiment of small-caliber antenna equipment weak in radio frequency signal receiving capacity to radio frequency simulation can be considered are achieved, and the electronic countermeasures radio frequency artificial antenna array equipment and the feed control method have the advantages of being high in reliability and flexible in system work configuration and transformation. The structure is simple, and cost is low.

The invention discloses a microwave amplitude equalizer with a lumped structure. The equalizer includes surface-mounted input and output interfaces (1, 2), a series branch surface-mounted capacitor C (7), and a parallel branch surface-mounted inductance L ( 3, 4), absorption resistance (5, 6, 8). The technical solution includes: series capacitance and parallel inductance determine the amplitude-frequency characteristic of the equalizer to be a positive slope characteristic, absorption resistance determines equalization amount and insertion loss, and reactance elements (3, 4, 7) load resistance to realize absorption of microwave power. The invention has the advantages of small size, light weight, low cost, high reliability, etc., good batch consistency of electrical performance, and can be mass-produced, and is suitable for radio frequency front-ends of systems such as radar, broadband communication, and electronic countermeasures.

The invention discloses a radio frequency module electromagnetic compatibility design method comprising circuit board design, structural shielding design, power supply filtering and wiring design and radio frequency hybrid circuit design. The characteristics of various components are considered, and various components are arranged in a classified way so that common impedance coupling can be avoided; and the output signals of various lines are considered for reasonable wiring, and shielding is additionally arranged for the lines and the circuit modules having special requirements so that the mutual interference between the circuits can be reduced. The radio frequency module electromagnetic compatibility design method is applied to the field of the radar simulator, radio frequency semi-physical simulation and electronic countermeasure so that the weight and the size of electronic equipment can be reduced, the anti-interference capability of the electronic equipment can be enhanced and the product stability and the work efficiency can be enhanced.

The invention discloses an ultra-wideband filter which comprises a chamber and a cover plate arranged at the top end of the chamber, wherein the bottom of the interior of the chamber is provided with multiple comb teeth and ridge structures; the cover plate is provided with an input and output structure, and a tuning screw and a mounting screw are arranged on the cover plate. The ultra-wideband filter provided by the invention has the advantages of simpleness for processing, low processing cost, convenience for debugging, low insertion loss, good out-of-band restraint and high yield and the like. The ultra-wideband filter provided by the invention is expected to be widely used in an ultra-wideband wireless communication system, especially the military and civil fields including radar, missile guidance, electronic countermeasure, communication, etc.

The invention discloses a staggered grid slow wave structure with sinusoidal function profile, which is composed of a rectangular shell, upper / lower grid teeth, upper / lower cavities and strip injection channels. The wide-edge profile of the band-shaped electron beam channel has changed from the traditional straight-line profile to the sinusoidal profile. The distribution of the longitudinal electric field along the broad side of the slow wave structure is in good agreement with the shape of the strip channel, and the distribution is sinusoidal function. The slow-wave structure can not only increase the operating frequency but also the coupling impedance, which can compensate for the non-uniformity of the coupling impedance in the wide-side direction, thus increasing the intensity of the beam-wave interaction, and further improving the electronic efficiency and output power of the traveling wave tube / backward wave tube based on the slow-wave structure. When applied to band-beam TWT, thegain of the whole TWT can also be increased. Millimeter-wave terahertz traveling-wave tubes / backward-wave tubes based on this slow-wave structure have been widely used in many military and civil applications such as communications radar electronic countermeasures imaging and so on.

The invention provides PLC communication blocking equipment and method, and the equipment employs an information correlation mode to prevent power communication, employs an electronic countermeasure principle, and prevents electromagnetic conduction radiation from leaking useful information. The design of filtering, compounding other signals and the like is adopted, so that the signal intensity isinhibited, and the electromagnetic compatibility is very good; pseudo-random sequence compositing can be carried out on frequency points needing key divulgence prevention, and the protection effect is enhanced. Meanwhile, the equipment is small in size, convenient to carry and install, wide in application range and capable of being used for signal transmission in the fields of power stealing prevention and electromagnetic radiation conduction leakage of information processing equipment, such as computers, printers and copying machines; and the behaviors of stealing and divulging secrets by using the power line carrier communication as a hidden communication channel and conducting and divulging secrets by the power line through electromagnetic radiation can be effectively protected.

The invention relates to an L-band and S-ban ultra-wideband high-power amplitude-limiting low-noise amplifier formed by sequentially connecting an amplitude limiting stage, a first amplifying stage and a second amplifying stage. The amplitude limiting stage is designed by adopting bare tube cores of multistage amplitude limiting PIN (positive-intrinsic-negative) tubes and is formed by sequentially connecting a first amplitude limiting PIN tube, a direct current channel inductor, a second amplitude limiting PIN tube and a third amplitude limiting PIN tube over the ground in parallel. The first amplifying stage and the second amplifying stage are the completely same in circuit structure and parameters, a low-noise field-effect transistor is selected, a lumped parameter negative feedback technical design is adopted, and the first amplifying stage and the second amplifying stage respectively comprise the low-noise field-effect transistor, an input coupling capacitor, an output coupling capacitor, a negative feedback circuit and a direct current biasing circuit. The L-band and S-ban ultra-wideband high-power amplitude-limiting low-noise amplifier disclosed by the invention has the advantages of high amplitude limiting power, ultra wideband, low noise, small volume, low cost and the like, and can meet application requirements such as L-band and S-band ultra-wideband communication, radar, electronic countermeasure and measurement.

Traditional radar signal classification methods usually manually analyze and extract various low-intercept probability radar signal features and then carry out classification by utilizing the extracted features, so that the classification correctness in practical application is relatively low. The invention discloses a pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution analysis and novel convolutional neural network model combined method for classifying low-intercept probability radar signals. The method comprises the specific steps of: 1, intercepting an LPI radar signal; 2, carrying out Wigner-Ville distribution processing on the intercepted radar signal to obtain a radar signal image; 3, normalizing the processed radar signal image; 4, classifying the radar signal image on the basis of a novel convolutional neural network; and 5, outputting an LPI radar signal classification result. The radar signal classification method provided by the invention is capable of automatically extracting radar signal features, along with the increase of collected radar signal data, the classification correctness is enhanced, so that the method has self-adaptation ability and has important significance for enhancingthe electronic countermeasure ability of the country.

The invention discloses an equivalent simulation method for a motion characteristic of an electromagnetic radiation source. The method comprises the following steps: 1. determining a station mode according to a motion range of the electromagnetic radiation source; 2. determining a working domain of a point source array according to a position parameter of a motion track of the electromagnetic radiation source; 3. controlling an equivalent construction of the position parameter of the electromagnetic radiation source in an angular domain; 4. controlling the equivalent construction of a distanceparameter of the electromagnetic radiation source in the angular domain. The invention utilizes the equivalent simulation method for the motion characteristic of the electromagnetic radiation sourceto make the research, evaluation and confrontation test of electronic countermeasures such as radar and jammer more efficient and accurate. According to the equivalent simulation method for the motioncharacteristic of the electromagnetic radiation source, a high cost test mode utilizing a aircraft avionics pod is avoided, thereby saving a lot of manpower, material resources and financial. A control blind area is avoided by using a point source station method of a crossover station, so that an equivalent target echo direction can change in a 360-degree range. The performance evaluation of multiple electromagnetic radiation sources can be performed in parallel, thereby improving the test efficiency, saving the test time, and shortening the test period.

An electronic countermeasures product includes flexible packaging of diodes that operate in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to replace flares, lamps and directed lasers with an inexpensive easily deployed countermeasure systems.

The invention belongs to the technical field of electronic countermeasure, and discloses a portable three-channel blocking type interference device and method for a small unmanned aerial vehicle. Themethod comprises: a broadband antenna receiving an illegally invaded unmanned aerial vehicle signal, an unmanned aerial vehicle signal detection system carries out recognition and direction finding onthe received unmanned aerial vehicle signal, a three-channel blocking interference system further confirms, positions and locks and tracks the frequency and direction finding signal, then blocking interference signal processing is carried out, and finally the blocking interference signal is transmitted out through a three-in-one antenna. According to the invention, blocking interference signals generated by the three channels can be transmitted through the three-in-one three-frequency-band transmitting antenna, so that the three-in-one three-frequency-band transmitting antenna loses a flightcontrol instruction, an image transmission signal and a satellite positioning signal and cannot fly normally, and the control effects of return flight, landing and falling can be generated according to the design difference of the unmanned aerial vehicle.

The invention discloses an electromagnetic vector sensor array-based anti-independent saturated interference communication method and belongs to the communication, signal analysis, parameter estimation and electronic confrontation field. With the electromagnetic vector sensor array-based anti-independent saturated interference communication method adopted, anti-saturated interference beams can be formed, and anti-interference communication can be realized. The method of the invention includes the following steps that: desired signals are sent by communication base stations in a plurality of different sites, wherein the desired signals are coherent signals; an electromagnetic vector sensor array is adopted as a receiving end, the high-order cumulant of received data is calculated, independent interference is filtered out through using a characteristic that the electric field steering vector of independent signals is perpendicular to the electromagnetic steering vector of the independent signals, so that the estimated value of the direction vector of the desired signals and a signal source position are obtained; and a weight vector is calculated according to a beamforming criterion, anti-interference beams are formed, anti-interference communication is realized, and whether signals are spoof signals can be detected according to the signal source position. The electromagnetic vector sensor array-based anti-independent saturated interference communication method of the invention is applicable to the anti-independent saturated interference communication technologies of aircrafts such as an unmanned aerial vehicle.

The invention discloses a single-grid slow-wave structure with a curved profile, which is composed of a rectangular solid shell, grid teeth distributed along the longitudinal direction in periodicallyand electron beam channels with curved contour. The slow-wave structure can improve the average coupling impedance, the uniformity of the coupling impedance in the wide-side direction and the intensity of the beam-wave interaction without changing the dispersion characteristics of the slow-wave structure, so that the electron interaction efficiency and the output power of the traveling wave tube / backward wave tube based on the slow-wave structure can be improved. For the TWT, the gain of the whole TWT can also be improved. The millimeter-wave terahertz traveling wave tube / backward wave tube based on this slow-wave structure has many advantages, such as compact structure, high electronic efficiency, high output power and so on. The structure will be widely used in aspects such as high datarate communication systems, high precision imaging systems, electronic countermeasure systems and radar complete appliance systems.