The invention provides a high-precision seabed geothermal gradient detection device used for detecting seabed surface-layer geotherm parameters. The high-precision seabed geothermal gradient detection device comprises a pressure protection pipe, a thermal insulation rod, an insulator, a two-color LED, an electronic instrument cabin shell, a charging induction coil and a plurality of thermistors, wherein a cavity of the electronic instrument cabin shell is an electronic instrument cabin. The insulator is installed on one side of the electronic instrument cabin, the pressure protection pipe is supported by the insulator, the thermal insulation rod is installed in the pressure protection pipe, and the thermistors are installed on the thermal insulation rod. A three-axis acceleration sensor is installed in the electronic instrument cabin, the two-color LED and the charging induction coil are installed outside the electronic instrument cabin, a transparent protection cover is installed outside the two-color LED and the charging induction coil, and the two-color LED, the charging induction coil, the thermistors and the three-axis acceleration sensor are connected with a control device through conducting wires, wherein the control device is installed in the electronic instrument cabin. Variation of the angle of inclination of the device is indicated through the two-color LED, operation is facilitated, and data acquisition efficiency is improved.