96 results about "Joint bone" patented technology

The invention provides an early-stage intelligent diagnosis method for rheumatoid arthritis based on a multi-modal medical image and deep learning, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the image cleaning and standardization, automatic bone joint positioning and segmentation, and quality control of a multi-modal original data set, and obtaining a joint slice library; performing intra-modal self-supervised pre-training and cross-modal alignment representation, and then performing focus level detection and quantification to obtain a lesion feature vector of each joint; performing joint diagram construction and quality perception multi-modal fusion to obtain fusion feature representation, and performing weak supervision multi-instance learning and multi-task loss calculation based on the fusion feature representation to obtain an uncalibrated model; and carrying out model calibration and explainable output to obtain an intelligent diagnosis model. According to the method, the diagnosis time point can be advanced to the reversible inflammation stage, interpretable evidence of patient-level decision and joint-level quantification is provided, the engineering feasibility of small samples and multi-center generalization is considered, and the method has high clinical transformation potential.

Bone and joint surface reconstruction methods are disclosed for the therapeutic amelioration of joint defects caused by various conditions, injuries, and diseases to help eliminate or reduce pain and return the joint to its proper bio-mechanical function without the need to replace fully or partially the anatomical joint. The joint may specifically include mammalian joints such as the femorotibial joint, for example. The methods disclosed herein leverage the significant role the subchondral bone plays in the health status of the afflicted joint.

The utility model discloses an adjustable hip and knee joint rehabilitation device which comprises a base, two fixing seats are symmetrically fixed on the base, a seat plate is fixed between the two fixing seats, two first rotating shafts are symmetrically arranged on the base in a rotating mode, and the other ends of the first rotating shafts are connected to the bottom of the seat plate in a rotating mode. An extension plate is fixed to the first rotating shaft, a column is fixed to the extension plate, and a telescopic assembly is arranged at the top end of the column; the telescopic assembly comprises a positioning plate fixed to the top end of the column body, a telescopic plate is slidably arranged in the positioning plate, a circular ring is fixed to the other side of the telescopic plate, and an adjusting mechanism is arranged in the circular ring. The rehabilitation training device can be adjusted according to the length of the legs of a user, rehabilitation training of the user is facilitated, muscle of the waist and the legs of a patient is helped to be exercised, bone joint degeneration and muscle atrophy are prevented, meanwhile, abduction and adduction rehabilitation exercise can be conducted on the hip and knee joints of the user, and practicability is high.

The utility model discloses a bone joint surgical nursing support which comprises a support body, a plurality of control assemblies are connected to one side wall of the support body in a threaded mode, a massage assembly is arranged in each control assembly and comprises a sliding column and a massage plate, the sliding column is connected to one side wall of the massage plate in a threaded mode, and the massage plate is connected with the sliding column. The sliding column and the massage plate are hollow and are communicated with each other, a plurality of groups of arc-shaped grooves are formed in the inner wall of the fixing support, first threaded holes are formed in the positions, located on one side wall of each group of arc-shaped grooves, of the fixing support, and first external threads matched with the first threaded holes are integrally formed at one end of the fixing ring. According to the bone joint surgical nursing support, the detachable massage assembly is additionally arranged on the portion, with the most muscles, of the support, and meanwhile the detachable medicine spraying assembly is additionally arranged in the massage assembly, so that a patient can complete massage on the muscles and medicine spraying on the skin without detaching the nursing support.

The invention provides a bone setting assembly. The bone setting assembly comprises a tibia connecting piece; a talus connector; the angle adjusting piece is connected between the tibia connecting piece and the talus connecting piece, the angle adjusting piece comprises a swinging block, the swinging block is connected to one of the tibia connecting piece and the talus connecting piece, the swinging block is arranged on the other one of the tibia connecting piece and the talus connecting piece in a swinging mode, and a plurality of locking grooves are formed in the swinging block; the locking piece is provided with a locking position and an unlocking position; when the locking piece is located at the locking position, the locking piece is matched with one of the multiple locking grooves in an inserted mode so that the angle between the tibia connecting piece and the talus connecting piece can be fixed. When the locking piece is located at the unlocking position, the locking piece is separated from all the locking grooves, so that the angle between the tibia connecting piece and the talus connecting piece is adjustable. According to the technical scheme, the problems that in the prior art, an ankle joint bone fracture plate is poor in fitting degree and implantation stability are effectively solved.

A spacer for separating bones of a joint, the spacer includes a first endplate configured to engage a first bone of the joint; a second endplate configured to engage a second bone of the joint; tissue engaging projections, wherein the tissue engaging projections are moveable from a retracted position to a deployed position; and an actuation subassembly that extends between the first endplate and the second endplate, wherein the actuation subassembly comprise a drive nut, a drive screw coupled to the drive nut, and a cam frame coupled to the drive screw, wherein the cam frame is disposed between the first endplate and the second endplate to engage the tissue engaging projections.

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to an atlantoaxial bone grafting device. The atlantoaxial bone grafting device comprises a bone grafting funnel and a bone grafting device, wherein the bone grafting funnel comprises a hollow pipe part and a funnel part arranged at the top end of the hollow pipe part; the funnel pushing piece comprises a first pushing rod and a pushing part arranged at the top end of the first pushing rod; wherein the first pushing rod can be arranged in the hollow pipe part, and when the pushing part is limited above the opening in the top end of the hollow pipe part, the bottom end of the first pushing rod extends out of the opening in the bottom end of the hollow pipe part; the bottom end of the first pushing rod is a flat and blunt end. According to the technical scheme, the surgical instrument for bone grafting of the atlantoaxial lateral mass joint is provided, bone grafting is accurately and effectively completed through one-time operation of the bone grafting funnel, the surgical operation difficulty is remarkably reduced, the bleeding risk is reduced, the surgical time is shortened, and the postoperative fusion rate is increased.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of endoscopes, and particularly relates to a super-long bent angle structure of an endoscope. Comprising a snake bone formed by sequentially hinging a plurality of snake bone joints; the camera end part is arranged at the far end of the snake bone; the insertion tube is arranged at the near end of the snake bone; the traction line is circumferentially arranged in the snake bone and penetrates through a traction hole in the inner wall of the snake bone, one end of the traction line is connected with one snake bone joint located at the far end, and the other end of the traction line is connected with a traction driving mechanism; wherein each pull wire is formed by connecting two steel wire ropes with different rigidities end to end. According to the snake bone joint, the two steel wire ropes with different rigidities are connected end to end to form the pull wire, and the rigidity can be reduced by selecting the thinner steel wire rope, so that the bending angle of the snake bone joint is increased.

The utility model relates to the technical field of medical supplies, and discloses a snake bone structure and an endoscope with the snake bone structure, the snake bone structure comprises a tail end joint and a plurality of snake bone joints which are hinged in sequence from top to bottom, a front notch is formed between the front sides of every two vertically adjacent snake bone joints, a rear notch is formed between the rear sides of every two vertically adjacent snake bone joints, and the tail end joint is connected with the tail end joint. The two vertically adjacent snake joints can swing in the left-right axial direction; the tail end joint is annular, the upper end of the tail end joint is hinged to the lowest snake joint, a big-end-down stepped hole is formed in the tail end joint, the lower end of the stepped hole is used for installation of an insertion pipe, and a soldering tin hole communicated with the lower end of the stepped hole is formed in the lower end of the tail end joint. The tail end joint and the insertion pipe can be directly welded together through soldering tin, and redundant soldering tin between the snake joint and the insertion pipe can be filled in the soldering tin hole, so that the connection firmness between the snake joint and the insertion pipe is ensured, and the risk of falling of the insertion pipe is reduced.

The utility model discloses an endoscope snake bone structure and a snake bone chain, the snake bone structure comprises snake bone joints, the two end faces of each snake bone joint are respectively provided with a son rotating part and a mother rotating part, the center lines of the end faces of the snake bone joints, the son rotating parts and the mother rotating parts incline towards the same direction, and the son rotating parts and the mother rotating parts of the adjacent snake bone joints are connected in a sleeved mode to form rotating joints. By arranging the inclined end faces and the inclined connecting structures, when the front-end snake joint rotates relative to the rear-end snake joint, the overlapping length of the connecting structures between the front-end snake joint and the rear-end snake joint is increased, the snake bone stability is improved, the snake bone reliability is improved, and the occupied internal space of the snake bone chain is reduced.

The invention discloses an injectable hydrogel pharmaceutical composition for an articular cavity as well as a preparation method and application of the injectable hydrogel pharmaceutical composition. The hydrogel pharmaceutical composition comprises gel particles and a medicine loaded in the gel particles, the gel particles are formed by cross-linking hyaluronic acid or salt thereof and silk fibroin through a cross-linking agent; the medicine comprises an anti-inflammatory drug and / or a growth factor. The preparation method is simple, good in safety and beneficial to industrial production. The uniform porous structure of the hydrogel is beneficial to adhesion and growth of bone cells, meanwhile, the double-load hydrogel loaded with the anti-inflammatory drug and the growth factor has good viscoelasticity and injectability and has the effects of synergistically resisting inflammation and promoting cartilage repair, and bone joint related diseases are treated in a bone joint intracavity injection mode; the drug residence time can be prolonged, and the bioavailability is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical image reconstruction, and discloses a bone joint three-dimensional reconstruction method and system based on deep learning. The method comprises the steps that a bone joint tomography image set is input, and multi-scale density slices and edge contour information are analyzed; deducing the two types of information space structures, and establishing an initial space field containing a bone tissue main body frame and a joint lacuna form; separating articular surface structure details and bone surface texture veins from the initial field; generating a network by using the three-dimensional structure which is obtained through separation and input and is trained to obtain a grid body with anatomical topological connection; and performing curved surface iterative smoothing based on biomechanical characteristics on the grid body, and outputting a final bone joint three-dimensional model.

The invention relates to the technical field of bone implant testing, and discloses a bone implant anti-fatigue testing device which comprises a closed storage mechanism, a quasi-bending energy supply mechanism installed on the closed storage mechanism and a quasi-bending pressure bearing mechanism installed in the closed storage mechanism. The fatigue detection mechanism is mounted between the quasi-bending energy supply mechanism and the quasi-bending pressure-bearing mechanism; the bone implantation assembly is assembled on the fatigue detection mechanism; and the closed storage mechanism is used for providing permeation of the simulation medium for the fatigue detection mechanism. The two to-be-detected bone plates are respectively installed on the two corresponding assembly blocks, and a sealed storage environment is provided for the fatigue detection mechanism by means of the main shell and the auxiliary shell; the fatigue test can be carried out on the two bone plates by matching the quasi-bending function mechanism driven by the motor with the quasi-bending pressure-bearing mechanism so as to simulate the human body environment where the bone plate assembled on the bone joint is located for testing, and the authenticity of the anti-fatigue test of the selected bone plate can be enhanced.

The toilet stool cleaning device comprises a movable mechanical arm, the movable mechanical arm comprises a bone chain structure and a cleaning head arranged at the front end of the bone chain structure, the bone chain structure comprises a plurality of bone joint structures which are sequentially connected in the length direction of the bone chain structure and can move relatively, and the cleaning head is used for cleaning the toilet stool; and the at least one traction piece penetrates through the multiple joint structures in the length direction of the bone chain structure and can pull the joint structures to move, so that the bone chain structure is subjected to various deformations to drive the cleaning head to move to the cleaning position. The toilet stool cleaning device can realize automatic cleaning of the toilet stool.

The invention discloses a joint fixing device for bone joint surgical nursing, and relates to the technical field of bone joint surgical nursing equipment, the joint fixing device comprises a front fixing protector and a rear fixing protector for fixing a lower limb thigh and a lower limb shank; the two movable angle adjusting devices are symmetrically arranged at the butt joint points of the two sides of the front fixing protective tool and the rear fixing protective tool; the movable angle adjusting device comprises a connecting assembly arranged at the butt joint point of the front fixing protection tool and the rear fixing protection tool, and the front fixing protection tool and the rear fixing protection tool are connected through the connecting assembly and rotate by multiple angles with the connecting point as the axis. An angle adjusting assembly is arranged at the side end of the connecting assembly, and a locking assembly is arranged at the side end of the angle adjusting assembly. According to the leg bending training device, the effects that the legs of the patient can be effectively fixed and cannot move, when bending training is needed, the bending angle range is adjusted in real time according to the training process, and operation is convenient and fast are achieved.

The application discloses application of a medicine composition in preparation of a medicine for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and belongs to the field of RA treating medicines. The medicine composition is composed of swertiamarin (SW) and neochlorogenic acid (NCA) and is screened from two active ingredients in Danteng Yimu Decoction. With the help of animal model and cell model experiments, the action mechanism of the medicine composition in treating RA is explored, the related symptoms and indexes of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats can be effectively improved, joint swelling can be relieved, arthritis inflammation index can be reduced, inflammatory factor release can be inhibited, joint bone quality can be protected, arthritis inflammation infiltration and cartilage destruction can be reduced, and the medicine safety is good. The composition can effectively inhibit the inflammatory factor release and migration ability of rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS). Animal experiments and cell experiments prove that the combination of neochlorogenic acid and swertiamarin (SW+NCA) can be effectively applied to clinical treatment of RA and has a wide application prospect.

The embodiment of the invention provides a traction rope mounting assembly and an endoscope. The traction rope mounting assembly comprises a crimping steel pipe, a traction steel wire rope and a first-section snake bone, the crimping steel pipe and the traction steel wire rope are connected in a crimping manner to form a whole; the first section of snake bone comprises a first end part, a second end part and a snake bone body, the first end part is used for connecting an endoscope module, and the second end part is used for connecting snake bone joints; the snake bone body is provided with a crimping groove; and the crimping groove is used for penetrating, clamping and fixing a whole formed by crimping and connecting the crimping steel pipe and the traction steel wire rope. The traction rope mounting assembly is simple to operate; crimping parameters can be set and fixed in advance, so that the crimping quality can be ensured; besides, the operation requirement can be met only by one manual crimping clamp, large or complex equipment is not needed, and the body of an operator cannot be hurt by the operation environment.

Prosthetic ankle replacements, prostheses, and associated methods of implanting prosthetic ankle and other joint replacements. In one form, a tibia stem has a geometry to facilitate implant installation while providing means to transfer load over a larger surface area through a press-fit, scratch-fit or cortical fit, thus lowering the contact stresses at the tibia-metal implant interface. The design and its implantation procedure also address minimization of misalignment. A talus element presents a partial-hemispherical surface; a tibial element which is to be affixed within the tibia, having an elongated stem part which extends into and within a canal of the tibial inner cortex, an intermediate body part which smoothly widens in radius toward an end which is a base to the tibial element, the base having a concavity formed therein shaped to match the partial-hemispherical surface of the talus element with a plastic cap between the two.

The utility model relates to cold and hot compress alternation equipment field, including the cold and hot compress equipment for bone joint diagnosis and treatment, cold and hot compress equipment one side is equipped with recess, and recess inside one side is equipped with the placement groove for placing traditional chinese medicinal material, is equipped with the baffle in the placement groove, and the baffle number is multiple, through multiple baffle will be placed the groove and divide into multiple placement area, and the inside top end and bottom end of placement groove still are equipped with multiple for the insertion of baffle insertion slot, and the outside of baffle is equipped with the flexible pad, and the both ends of inside bottom of multiple placement area are equipped with the grid plate, and the surface of grid plate is equipped with multiple small -size through -hole, and one side of baffle is equipped with the cleaning subassembly, through above -mentioned structure can be convenient to the different traditional chinese medicinal material and separate the placement, to a certain extent, increased the work efficiency of operator.

The invention discloses an application of ACT001 in preparation of a medicine for treating osteoarthritis, the osteoarthritis is knee osteoarthritis, and ACT001 can effectively relieve inflammatory response related to knee osteoarthritis and has a protection effect on a knee joint cartilage structure, so that disease progression is delayed, motor function recovery is promoted, and the effect of treating osteoarthritis is achieved. The application can make up the defects in the field of current knee osteoarthritis drug treatment, provides a new treatment strategy for improving the joint function of a patient and improving the life quality, and has important clinical transformation value for patients with acute and chronic knee osteoarthritis.

The invention discloses an osteochondral integrated sponge scaffold as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of osteochondral repair materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a collagen dispersion liquid and a polyvinyl alcohol solution, then adding a phosphate buffer solution and beta-tricalcium phosphate, and then obtaining lower-layer hydrogel through a pouring method; (2) mixing the collagen dispersion liquid with a polyvinyl alcohol solution, then adding a phosphate buffer solution, and then obtaining upper-layer hydrogel through a pouring method; and (3) pouring the upper-layer hydrogel on the lower-layer hydrogel, constructing a sponge scaffold through a multi-time freeze-thawing method and a freeze-drying method, and finally soaking the sponge scaffold in thrombin to obtain the osteochondral integrated sponge scaffold. The scaffold can adsorb platelet-rich plasma, has certain adhesion capacity, can realize in-situ fixation and biological integration at a defect part, can well recover physical and biological dysfunctions of bone joints and osteochondral bones, and provides a potential application idea for clinical treatment of osteochondral defects.

The utility model discloses a resistance adjusting device for bone joint rehabilitation training, which comprises a support base, a lifting component and a training execution component, the training execution component comprises a mounting base plate, a main upright post, at least two training pressure arms and resistance generators, and the number of the resistance generators corresponds to that of the training pressure arms; the near end of each training pressing arm is hinged to the main stand column, the far end of each training pressing arm is fixedly provided with a lower pedal, and each resistance generator is arranged between one training pressing arm and the installation base plate. The resistance generators are configured to provide different preset resistance values. The utility model has the following advantages and effects: different preset resistance values are respectively provided through different training pressing arms and corresponding resistance generators, and the height-adjustable lifting assembly is matched, so that optional personalized bone joint rehabilitation training is provided for a user.

This invention provides a bone-setting assembly, comprising: a tibial connector; a talus connector; an angle adjustment component connected between the tibial connector and the talus connector, the angle adjustment component including a swing block connected to one of the tibial connector and the talus connector, the swing block being swingably disposed on the other of the tibial connector and the talus connector, the swing block being provided with multiple locking grooves; and a locking component having a locked position and an unlocked position. When the locking component is in the locked position, it engages with one of the multiple locking grooves to fix the angle between the tibial connector and the talus connector; when the locking component is in the unlocked position, it separates from all the locking grooves to make the angle between the tibial connector and the talus connector adjustable. The technical solution of this application effectively solves the problems of poor fit and poor implantation stability of ankle joint bone plates in related technologies.

The invention relates to the technical field of orthopedic surgical instruments, in particular to a bone connecting and fixing assembly for fixing a small-size fracture block. Firstly, a guide pipe of a guide fixing piece with a connecting part is aligned with a bone block, then the bone block and a connecting bone are drilled through the guide pipe, and a first drilled hole is obtained; the bone needle slightly retreats, but most of the bone needle is left in the first drill hole, so that the bone block is connected to the connecting bone; the guide pipe is lifted to form a certain space with the fracture block, and a bone needle surrounding the space between the bone block and the guide pipe is inserted into the bending auxiliary part; bending the bone needle by using a guide pipe to be parallel to the connecting bone, withdrawing the bending auxiliary piece, continuously inserting or knocking the bone needle into the connecting bone through the bone block to enable the guide pipe to be close to and in contact with the connecting bone, drilling the connecting bone through the connecting part to obtain a second drill hole, penetrating a connecting piece through the connecting part and embedding the connecting piece into the second drill hole to obtain a second drill hole; the whole guide fixing piece and the bone needle are stably fixed to the connecting bone, and stable fixation of a small-size fracture block is achieved.

The application discloses a kind of bone joint movement rehabilitation training devices, relate to medical rehabilitation equipment field, including fixed frame, the bottom of fixed frame is fixedly connected with first support frame, the inside of first support frame is fixedly connected with two slide rails, the top of slide rail is provided with moving assembly, moving assembly includes moving support, moving support is slidably connected in the top of slide rail, the top of moving support is fixedly connected with fixed plate, one side of moving support is fixedly connected with fixed block, the inside of fixed block is fixedly connected with first torsional spring rotating rod.The application is provided with moving assembly, using the design of moving assembly, moving support and slide rail, under the action of motor, make threaded rod stress to rotate, drive moving support to move along the outside of slide rail, and hip joint or lower limb bone joint follows moving support and moves, it is helpful to hip joint or lower limb bone joint to carry out rehabilitation exercise under the condition that not using self power.

The invention discloses a porous bone implant topological optimization and additive manufacturing method and system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring mechanical property data of hip joint bones and implant bearing conditions, analyzing bone density distribution characteristics and dynamic load conditions, and constructing bearing characteristics; stress distribution is identified based on finite element analysis, an interface sensitive area is calibrated, and an elastic modulus matching reference is established; variable density topological optimization is adopted to determine porosity gradient distribution, and a three-period minimal curved surface is utilized to perform pore unit configuration screening; the Zr-Nb alloy is subjected to partition forming control through the selective laser melting technology, and the pore communication forming sequence is optimized; a ZrO2-ZnO heterojunction antibacterial coating is constructed on the surface of the porous matrix; and mechanical and antibacterial performance coupling analysis is carried out to establish function partition mapping, and a forming process instruction is output. The problem that mechanical adaptation and antibacterial functions of the porous implant are difficult to consider at the same time is solved, and the prepared implant can meet the bearing requirement and the anti-infection requirement at the same time.

The application relates to the field of bone joint reduction, and particularly discloses an orthosis for bone joint reduction and fixation, which solves the problems of single function of existing bone joint fixation orthosis, especially the fixation orthosis for knee joints, and the problems of being not conducive to the rehabilitation of the joints of patients and the post-exercise recovery, and the orthosis comprises a base, a limiting box, an opening, a sliding frame, a clamping seat, a fixing clamping plate, an adjusting assembly, a rotating shaft, an upper guard plate, a side plate, a sliding frame, a pressing seat, a rotating plate I, a sliding seat, a cam, and a driving assembly, the outer side of the limiting box is slidably connected with a pulley, a linkage assembly is arranged in the limiting box, and the linkage assembly is used for driving the pulley to slide on the outer side of the limiting box. The device can stably position and fix the knee joints of patients and perform orthosis, does not cause relatively tight clamping to the legs of the patients, is conducive to blood circulation of the legs of the patients, can also assist in pressing and massaging, is conducive to stimulating the muscles of the patients to keep active, and reduces the subsequent rehabilitation and exercise period.

The invention relates to a biological lubricant, in particular to a bone joint biological lubricant as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The bone joint biological lubricant comprises a component A and a component B, wherein the component A comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 4-6 parts of a 4% (w / v) sodium alginate solution, 0.3-0.5 part of a 1M calcium nitrate tetrahydrate solution, 0.4-0.6 part of a 2M beta-sodium glycerophosphate solution and 4-4.5 parts of normal saline; wherein the component B comprises the following raw materials in parts by volume: 3-5 parts of a 1M sodium citrate solution; after an ice-cold component A solution is injected into an articular cavity through an injector, and the solution enters an in-vivo environment at 37 DEG C, the temperature triggers Ca to be slowly released from a complex, the released Ca begins to be crosslinked with a G unit on a sodium alginate molecular chain, and finally stable hydrogel is formed in the articular cavity and has a good supporting effect when a patient is static; when the patient walks, a lubricating effect is achieved; when the gel needs to be removed, the component B can be injected into the gel part to convert the gel into a liquid state.

Bone and joint surface reconstruction methods are disclosed for the therapeutic amelioration of joint defects caused 2024 / 064830 by various conditions, injuries, and diseases to help eliminate or reduce pain and return the joint to its proper bio-mechanical function without the need to replace fully or partially the anatomical joint. The joint may specifically include mammalian joints such as the metatarsal phalangeal joint or other joint of the foot or ankle, for example. The methods disclosed herein leverage the significant role the subchondral bone plays in the health status of the afflicted joint.WO

The application discloses a SOD-containing patch for protecting bone joints and cartilage tissue and belongs to the fields of biological medicine and medical devices. The patch is in the form of a polymer microneedle, comprising a base layer and a needle tip layer; the needle tip layer comprises microneedles arranged in an array on the base layer, and the microneedles are loaded with SOD; and the base material of the microneedles is a high-molecular compound containing sodium hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate. The patch has good anti-inflammatory, repairing and pain-relieving effects, all active ingredients in the patch are substances contained in the human body, the safety is extremely good, and the SOD is wrapped with sodium hyaluronate-chondroitin sulfate composite hydrogel, so that the SOD can be prevented from softening due to moisture absorption, thereby guaranteeing the treatment effect.