1206 results about "Optical absorbance" patented technology

A sample element includes first and second substantially parallel faces separated by an intermediate member. The parallel faces and the intermediate member at least partially define a sample chamber configured to hold a volume of fluid. The sample element further includes an optical path extending through the parallel faces and the intermediate member, such that electromagnetic radiation can propagate through the sample chamber. The sample element further includes an identifying compound disposed within or on at least one of the parallel faces. The identifying compound has at least one indexed optical absorbance feature, such that spectral analysis of electromagnetic radiation propagated through the sample chamber yields the indexed optical absorbance feature. Detection of the indexed optical absorbance feature in electromagnetic radiation propagated through the sample chamber indicates to an analyte detection system whether the sample element is configured for use with the analyte detection system.

Described is a method for calibrating a spectrophotometric apparatus which is used to measure analytes in plasma and / or serum samples based on the calibration of a First Apparatus, and for recalibrating such apparatus, including recalibration of the First Apparatus all using synthetic calibrators. These apparatus use absorption of radiation to measure analytes in serum or plasma samples. The method described includes using synthetic calibrators which are submitted to the First Apparatus for measurement and compared with measurements of similar calibrators in a Second Apparatus and using the comparison to derive concentrations of analytes in samples measured on the Second Apparatus. As an alternative to making all apparatus identical, in terms of wavelength calibration, the absorbances of all apparatus should be mapped onto a standard set of wavelengths.

To provide a toner for developing a latent electrostatic image comprising at least a colorant, a wax, and a binder resin, wherein Iwax (s) is a value measured by FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy before heating a mirror-surfaced pellet formed by compressing and molding the toner, and Iwax (t) is a value measured by FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy after heating the pellet at a surface temperature thereof of 130° C. for 1 minute satisfy Formulae (1), (2), (3), and (4),Iwax (t)≧0.2*100 / [T½(° C.)]  Formula (1)Iwax (s)≦0.26  Formula (2)Iwax (t)≦0.50  Formula (3)Iwax (t)>Iwax (s)  Formula (4)wherein both Iwax(s) and Iwax(t) are obtained by a formula: absorbance derived from the wax (2850 cm−1) / absorbance derived from the binder resin (828 cm−1).

A system and method for measuring one or more light-absorption related blood analyte concentration parameters of a mammalian subject, is disclosed. In some embodiments, the system comprises: a) a photoplethysmography (PPG) device configured to effect a PPG measurement by illuminating skin of the subject with at least two distinct wavelengths of light and determining relative absorbance at each of the wavelengths; b) a dynamic light scattering measurement (DLS) device configured to effect a DLS measurement of the subject to rheologically measure a pulse parameter of the subject; and c) electronic circuitry configured to: i) temporally correlating the results of the PPG and DLS measurements; and ii) accordance with the temporal correlation between the PPG and DLS measurements, assessing value(s) of the one or more light-absorption related blood analyte concentration parameter(s).

Provided are photochromic articles including a substrate, a primer layer that includes a first photochromic compound, and a photochromic-dichroic layer over the primer layer that includes a photochromic-dichroic compound. The first photochromic compound and the photochromic-dichroic compound each are selected such that the photochromic-dichroic compound has an unactivated state terminal minimum absorbance wavelength that is less than or equal to the unactivated state terminal minimum absorbance of the underlying first photochromic compound. The present invention also relates to such photochromic articles that further include a topcoat layer over the photochromic-dichroic layer, the topcoat layer including a second photochromic compound that has an unactivated state terminal minimum absorbance wavelength that is less than the unactivated state terminal minimum absorbance wavelength of the underlying photochromic-dichroic compound.

An infrared photoconversion device comprising a collector with at least an active layer made of a single sheet of doped single-layer, bilayer, or multilayer graphene patterned as nanodisks or nanoribbons. The single sheet of doped graphene presents high absorbance and thus, the efficiency of devices such as photovoltaic cells, photodetectors, and light emission devices can be improved by using graphene as the central absorbing or emitting element. These devices become tunable because their peak absorption or emission wavelength is changed via electrostatic doping of the graphene.

Methods for measuring the total hemoglobin of whole blood include measuring reflective light at multiple wavelengths within the visible spectrum, calculating light absorbance at each of the multiple wavelengths, performing a comparison in a change in like absorbance between the multiple wavelengths, and / or relating the comparison to total hemoglobin. A system for measuring total hemoglobin of whole blood may include at least one light source, a catheter, optical fibers, at least one photodetector, data processing circuitry, and / or a display unit.

A fiber optic probe for ATIR (Attenuated Total Internal Reflection) spectrophotometry. The probe includes a housing that contains an optical element or lens, a light-transmitting fiber that directs incident light to the lens, a light-receiving fiber that receives reflected light from the sample interface, a coupler for holding these components in precise alignment, and a flexible armor casing that provides strain relief and protection for the optical fibers. The lens is shaped and dimensioned so that light from the transmitting fiber is reflected at the interface between the lens and the surrounding medium (such as a liquid to be analyzed). The reflected light is transmitted via the transmitting fiber to a suitable spectrophotometer, where the light signal is recorded and analyzed to determine the composition of the sample. The probe is particularly suitable for analyses of fluids and slurries with high optical absorbance.

An optical sensor is provided with an adjustable and variable optical path length (OPL). The optical sensor can be used in conjunction with a flow cell for ultraviolet (UV) absorbance measurements. On opposite sides of the flow cell, optical windows are installed in cylindrical window holders and held in place by window retainers. The distance between opposing faces of the optical windows defines the OPL. A fine pitch, close tolerance thread is machined on the outside of the window holders. This thread mates with a thread machined on an inside wall of a mounting ring. Rotation of the window holder and attached optics housing extends or retracts the window and window holder assembly, thereby providing the variable OPL. The OPL can be ascertained by examining external visual linear and / or rotational indicators on the sensor device.

Described is a method for calibrating a spectrophometric apparatus and determining the concentration of an analyte in a sample. This method involves incorporating at least one primary calibration algorithm that uses an order of derivative of absorbance obtained for at least one of a standard set of wavelengths, on a second apparatus. The absorbance values of the sample are measured on the second apparatus at three or more wavelengths from a wavelength calibration table. Interpolated absorbance values are derived from the measured absorbance values for wavelengths from a standard set of wavelengths. A derivative of the interpolated absorbance values is obtained, using the same order of derivative used by the first apparatus. Followed by calculating a concentration of the Analyte in the sample, by applying the Primary Calibration Algorithm to the derivative. The present invention also provides for a medium storing instructions adapted to be executed by a processor to determine analyte concentration within a sample, as defined by the above method.

Impurity is removed from gas, the resultant gas is introduced into a cell 15, and the intensity of light transmitted through the cell 15 is measured as a reference. Gas containing impurity of which concentration is known, is introduced into the cell 15, and the intensity of light transmitted through the cell 15 is measured with the temperature and pressure maintained at those used at the measurement of the reference light intensity. Then, the absorbance of the impurity is obtained according to the ratio of the two light intensity data obtained by the two measurements above-mentioned. The impurity absorbance thus obtained is stored, in a memory 20a, as a function of an impurity concentration. Gas containing impurity of which concentration is unknown, is introduced into the cell 15, and the intensity of light transmitted through the cell 15 is measured with the temperature and pressure maintained at those used at the measurements above-mentioned. The absorbance of the impurity is obtained according to the last-measured light intensity and the reference light intensity. The absorbance thus obtained is applied to the function, thereby to obtain the impurity concentration.

Provided are a toner containing at least a binder resin and a colorant, the toner having a specific hue angle and an absorbance at a specific wavelength in reflectance spectrophotometry, and a full-color image-forming method involving the use of the toner, the method including the steps of: forming an electrostatic image on a charged electrostatic image bearing member; developing the formed electrostatic image with the toner to form a toner image; transferring the formed toner image onto a transfer material; and fixing the transferred toner image to the transfer material to form a fixed image.

The invention discloses a low-concentration, multi-component and high-sensitivity gas detection method based on integration of multiple spectrum technologies. Advantages of an ultraviolet differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technology and an infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (IR-TDLAS) technology are integrated, so that information integration and characteristic signal extraction of two kinds of spectrum are realized. The method disclosed by the invention is used for measuring the NH3 concentration in smoke by utilizing a TDLAS method and simultaneously measuring the concentrations of SO2 and NO2 in smoke by utilizing an ultraviolet DOAS method; interference of three components in the NO absorbancy is removed according to the obtained concentrations and an interference spectrum of three kinds of gas to the NO absorbancy, so that the NO concentration without cross interference is solved; and thus, the measurement precision and the detection lower limit are greatly increased.

The present invention provides a composition and method for functionalizing nanoparticles that enables them to undergo reversible aggregation / deaggregation. The aggregation properties of this new system are reversible and readily monitored by optical absorbance measurements with the possibility of electrical and / or magnetic monitoring as well. The outer portion of the coating material is functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) entities that facilitate biocompatibility and stability both in solution and in the solid state. Also provided are nanoparticles functionalized with rationally designed free radical initiators to effect tailored polymer growth from the surface. These systems may be used for a broad variety of applications, including biosensing with real-time feedback.

A method and apparatus for measuring Tot-Hb in a sample are provided. The method comprises collecting absorbance measurements of a sample using a spectroscopic apparatus that comprises a first primary calibration algorithm for one of Oxy-Hb, “Oxy-Hb plus Deoxy-Hb”, or “Total-Hb minus Met-Hb” and a second primary calibration algorithm for one or more than one of Met-Hb, Carboxy-Hb, or Sulf-Hb, or comprising a third primary calibration algorithm obtained by adding terms of the first primary calibration algorithm and the second primary calibration algorithm together. Followed by predicting either a first value for one of Oxy-Hb, “Oxy-Hb plus Deoxy-Hb,” or “Total-Hb minus Met-Hb” and predicting second value for one or more than one of Met-Hb, Carboxy-Hb, or Sulf-Hb in the sample and add the first and second value together, or predicting a value for Total-Hb.

There is provided a colored glass housing having characteristics suitable for a housing of an electronic device, that is, a light blocking property, high strength, and superior manufacturing cost. The colored glass housing includes glass whose absorbance at wavelength from 380 nm to 780 nm is 0.7 or more, suitably, whose absorption constant is 1 mm−1 or more, and is provided on an exterior of the electronic device. In order to obtain the above glass, it is preferable that, as a coloring component in the glass, at least one component selected from a group consisting of oxides of Co, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Cr, V, and Bi amounting to 0.1% to 7% in terms of molar percentage on an oxide basis.

A thermochromic ink composition comprises at least one thermochromic optical-state change material, at least one thermally responsive pH modifier, at least one solvent, and at least one binder material, wherein the thermochromic ink composition has a viscosity between about 0.1 centipoise (cPs) and about 10,000 cps, and a maximum optical absorbance in a range from about 200 nm (nanometers) to about 800 nm, and wherein the thermochromic ink composition is capable of transforming from a first optical state to a second optical state upon exposure to a thermal stimulus. The thermochromic ink composition may be used to deposit a thermochromic coating composition which may be used as part of an anti-theft system for optical articles. Methods for thermal activation of the compositions are also provided.

A method and apparatus that allows accurate spectrophotometric determination of the concentrations of various hemoglobin species in whole undiluted blood. The invention employs 1) an optical apparatus designed to maximize the true optical absorbance of whole blood and to minimize the effects of light scattering on the spectrophotometric measurements of the concentrations of various constituent components, and 2) methods to correct the hemoglobin concentration measurements for light scattering and for the effects of the finite bandwidth of the substantially monochromatic light. In the optical apparatus optical parameters, such as sample thickness, detector size and shape, sample-to-detector distance, wavelengths, monochromicity, and maximum angle of light capture by detector, are selected so as to minimize the contribution of light scattering to maximize the contribution of true optical absorbance. After making measurements of a blood sample's optical density at each of the wavelengths, corrections are made for the effects of light scattering.

A method of measuring a concentration of a component in a subject includes setting an intensity relationship equation between a positive-order beam and a negative-order beam with respect to a reference matter at a particular wavelength, applying a light having a first wavelength band absorbed by the component and detecting an intensity of a positive-order beam output from the subject and an intensity of a negative-order beam output from the reference matter, the positive-order beam and the negative-order beam having a second wavelength band, calculating an intensity of a positive-order beam input to the subject by applying the intensity of the negative-order beam output from the reference matter to the intensity relationship equation, and calculating absorbance using the intensity of the positive-order beam output from the subject and the intensity of the positive-order beam input to the subject and measuring a concentration of the component using the absorbance.

Disclosed is an apparatus for measuring the absorbance of a substance in a solution, comprising: i) a sample cell (30) of known path length (b) for containing said solution (S), said cell being transparent to light of a predefined wavelength spectrum; ii) plural LED's each being independently operable by means of a controller (25) each for emitting light, within said predefined wavelength spectrum, along a light path; iii) a band pass filter (22) in the light path; iv) a beam splitter (24) for dividing light from said source propagating along the path into a first portion and a second portion, said first portion being directable by the beam splitter toward a reference detector (42) and said second portion being directable into the cell (30); v) a reference detector (42) for detecting the intensity of said first portion of light directed by said beam splitter; and vi) a sample detector (40) for detecting the intensity of the second portion propagating from the cell; the apparatus allowing a sample in the cell to be inexpensively subjected to more than one wavelength of light for quicker or more accurate analysis.

Disclosed in this specification is a process for manufacturing a thermochromic contact lens. The process includes (1) selecting a photoinitiator that absorbs at a first wavelength and at least one thermochromic dye that displays substantial absorption at the first wavelength when the dye is at a first temperature and exhibits at least an 80% reduction in absorbance at the first wavelength at a second temperature, (2) maintaining the reaction mixture at the second temperature and (3) providing cure light that includes the first wavelength.

An absorption spectroscopy method comprising providing a sample in a container, rotating the container, while rotating the container, directing a beam of electromagnetic radiation through the container, the beam comprising one or more wavelengths selected from the group consisting of visible wavelengths, infrared wavelengths, and ultraviolet wavelengths, and measuring characteristics of the beam after it passes through the container. Also an absorption spectroscopy apparatus comprising a container holder, a drive rotating the container holder, means for, while rotating the container, directing a beam of electromagnetic radiation through the container, the beam comprising one or more wavelengths selected from visible wavelengths, infrared wavelengths, and ultraviolet wavelengths, and means for receiving the beam after passage through the container.

A system generates a photoacoustic spectrum in an open or closed environment with reduced noise. A source focuses a beam on a target substance disposed on a base. The base supports a cantilever that measures acoustic waves generated as light is absorbed by the target substance. By focusing a chopped / pulsed light beam on the target substance, a range of optical absorbance may be measured as the wavelength of light changes. An identifying spectrum of the target may detected by monitoring the vibration intensity variation of the cantilever as a function of illuminating wavelength or color.

Provided are photochromic articles that include a substrate, a primer layer that includes a first photochromic compound, and a photochromic-dichroic layer over the primer layer that includes a photochromic-dichroic compound. The first photochromic compound and the photochromic-dichroic compound each are selected such that the photochromic-dichroic compound has an absorbance of less than or equal to 0.1 at the wavelength of peak absorbance of the underlying first photochromic compound. The present invention also relates to such photochromic articles that further include a topcoat layer over the photochromic-dichroic layer. The topcoat layer can include a second photochromic compound that has an absorbance of less than 0.1 at the wavelength of peak absorbance of the underlying photochromic-dichroic compound. The photochromic articles provide, for example, a combination of linear polarizing properties, and reduced percent transmittance when in a colored or darkened state, such as when exposed to actinic light.

A UV-curable ink jet ink composition contains a polymerizable compound, a photopolymerization initiator containing an acylphosphine-based photopolymerization initiator having a phenyl group in the molecule thereof, and a fluorescent brightening agent. The fluorescent brightening agent in a predetermined concentration has a higher maximum absorbance than the photopolymerization initiator in the same concentration, in a wavelength region of 360 to 420 nm.

An improved optical sensor and method for measuring concentration of a chemical constituent where measurement interference from other chemical compounds is present in the solution is provided. More specifically, the invention relates to a system for measuring the amount of creatinine in effluent dialysate during, before, or following a kidney dialysis procedure and a method for using the same. Alternatively, the method may be used with blood and other body fluids or solutions that contact the patient. The system may use an enzyme or other chemical process to specifically remove or convert an analyte with an intrinsic optical absorbance. By measuring the absorbance before and after the chemical process the analyte can be measured with high accuracy and specificity. The method may be extended to multiple analyte measurements using cascaded chemical processes.

Photoresist monomers of following Formula 1, photoresist polymers thereof, and photoresist compositions containing the same. The photoresist composition has excellent etching resistance, heat resistance and adhesiveness to a wafer, and is developable in aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solution. In addition, the photoresist composition has low light absorbance at 157 nm wavelength, and thus is suitable for a photolithography process using ultraviolet light sources such as VUV (157 nm) in fabricating a minute circuit for a high integration semiconductor device. wherein, X1, X2, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7, Y8, l and m are as defined in the specification of the invention.

A liquid crystal (LC) display device uses a phase difference film which increases front contrast of the device, and a polarization plate. The film includes a first optical anisotropic layer, and a second optical anisotropic layer thereon, the first layer formed by fixing an LC compound in a homogeneous alignment state, has an order parameter (OP) of 0.75 to 0.95, and layer thickness of 0.3 μm to 3.0 μm, the second layer formed by fixing an LC compound in a homeotropic alignment state, has an OP of 0.60 to 0.95, and layer thickness of 0.3 μm to 3.0 μm, the OP which is denoted by OP=(A∥−A⊥) / (2A⊥+A∥), “A∥” which represents absorbance of the LC compound regarding light polarized parallel to an alignment direction, and “A⊥” which represents absorbance of the LC compound to regarding light polarized vertical to the alignment direction.

A method for producing a polarizer comprises the steps of: (A) forming a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer on a support made of an optically transparent thermoplastic resin; (B) stretching a polyvinyl alcohol-based resin layer together with the support to obtain a stretched layer; (C) immersing the stretched layer in a dyeing liquid containing iodine to obtain a dyed layer in which absorbance thereof determined from a tristimulus value Y is from 0.4 to 1.0 (transmittance T=40% to 10%); and (D) removing a part of iodine adsorbed in the dyed layer so that the absorbance of the dyed layer decreases by 0.03 to 0.7, provided that the absorbance of the dyed layer is controlled so that it does not become less than 0.3. The support may be used as an optical film laminated to the polarizer.