The invention discloses a coronavirus rapid detection kit based on S protein ligand and ACE2 receptor competition chromatography, including quantum dot-labeled ACE2 protein, quantum dot-labeled rabbit IgG, recombinant coronavirus spike protein S1, Goat anti-rabbit IgG polyclonal antibodies, and immunochromatographic test strips and other materials. The present invention improves detection sensitivity through quantum dot fluorescent labeling and multi-stage coupling amplification signals, uses the principle of ligand-receptor binding to improve detection specificity and avoids the antibody development cycle, and provides a kit that can quickly detect coronaviruses. Establish a virus inactivation system to ensure biological safety during the detection process. The kit of the present invention is suitable for the detection of various biological samples and environmental samples such as oral mucosal fluid, respiratory tract, whole blood, plasma, serum, excrement, etc., and can be applied to SARS‑CoV‑19, SARS‑CoV, and HCoV‑NL63, etc. Rapid detection of coronaviruses using ACE2 as a receptor.