279results about How to "Constant thickness" patented technology

An improved method for non-invasively measuring a concentration of a target analyte dissolved in a fluid flowing through a sample is presented. It includes directing a probe beam of electromagnetic radiation, consisting of time multiplexed components of different wavelengths, through the sample and measuring the difference of the absorption of the radiation at at least one wavelength pair at different sample states. During sample state changes, the amount of fluid containing the target analyte within the sample is changing, which varies the total amount of target analyte in the sample, as well as the absorption properties of the sample. The sample states are produced, for instance, by compressing and uncompressing the tissue sample. The accuracy of the presented method is enhanced by including continuous estimation of the amount of the fluid containing the target analyte within the sample, and measurement of the variations of the absorption at a wavelength at which the target analyte absorbs significantly. The method is particularly useful in measuring the concentration of a target analyte, such as glucose, in tissue containing blood. An apparatus for performing this method also is disclosed.

A technique for forming an organic polymer thin film on a surface of a substrate with high film formation efficiency and excellent reproducibility and stability is provided. When a vacuum deposition polymerization for forming an organic polymer thin film is performed on a surface of a substrate 12 repeatedly, in which a plurality of kinds of monomers evaporated in a plurality of evaporation source containers 32a, 32b in vacuum state are introduced into a deposition chamber 10 in a vacuum state and polymerized on a surface of the substrate 12 arranged in the deposition chamber 10, each of the monomers in a liquid form is present in the evaporation source containers 32a, 32b in a constant amount every time, at the beginning of the evaporation operation of monomers.

Certain embodiments and aspects of the present invention relate to a photobioreactor including photobioreactor units through which a liquid medium stream and a gas stream flow. The photobioreactor units are floated on a body of water such as a pond or a lake. The liquid medium comprises at least one species of phototrophic organism therein. Certain methods of using the photobioreactor system as part of fuel generation system and/or a gas-treatment process or system at least partially remove certain undesirable pollutants from a gas stream. In certain embodiments, the photobioreactor units are formed of flexible, deformable material and are configured to provide a substantially constant thickness of liquid medium. In certain embodiments, a barrier between the photobioreactor unit and the body of water upon which the unit is floated facilitates thermal communication between the liquid medium and the body of water.

A hydrophobic surface coating, preferably obtained by chemical vapor deposition, comprises at least an upper thin layer formed by a compound selected from the group consisting of SiC_xO_y:H with x comprised between 1.4 and 2 and y comprised between 0.8 and 1.4 and SiC_x′N_y′:H with x′ comprised between 1.2 and 1.4 and y′ comprised between 0.6 and 0.8, so as to obtain a free surface with a low wetting hysteresis. Such a hydrophobic surface coating can be arranged on the free surface of a microcomponent comprising at least one substrate provided with, an electrode array and particularly suitable for moving drops of liquid by electrowetting on dielectric.

A respiratory mask is reduced in size to better fit patients with smaller faces by folding accordion folds of the mask. An adjustment member allows for selective folding of the accordion folds, thereby determining the size of the mask. The respiratory mask can thus be adjusted to fit both larger and smaller persons.

Disclosed herein are a printed circuit board with embedded capacitors therein and a process for manufacturing the printed circuit board. The embedded capacitors are formed by applying a photosensitive insulating resin to a printed circuit board inner layer, and applying a high dielectric polymer capacitor paste thereto. The process for manufacturing a printed circuit board with embedded capacitors therein comprises the steps of: i) laminating photoresist dry films to a copper clad FR-4, exposing to light and developing the dry films, and etching copper foils of the copper clad FR-4 to form bottom electrodes for forming capacitors; ii) applying a photosensitive insulating resin to the surfaces of the bottom electrodes, and exposing to light and developing to etch the photosensitive insulating resin; iii) applying a capacitor paste to the etched regions and curing the capacitor paste; iv) plating the upper regions of the cured capacitor paste and the photosensitive insulating resin using an electroless copper plating process to form copper foil layers for top electrodes; v) laminating photosensitive dry films to the copper foil layers for top electrodes, and exposing to light and developing the photosensitive dry films to etch regions of the dry films except for the copper foil layers where the top electrodes are to be formed; and vi) etching the regions of the dry films except for the copper foil layers where the top electrodes are to be formed, and the dry films formed on the top electrodes are removed so that the capacitor paste is discretely positioned between the top electrodes and the bottom electrodes to form discrete capacitors.

A crush member for a vehicle having frame rails comprising a tube having a first end configured to be connected to the frame rails of the vehicle and a second end configured to be connected to a bumper. The tube has a constant thickness from the first end to the second end. The tube further has a taper along a axial direction from the first end to the second end, the tube having a larger cross section at the first end and a smaller cross section at the second end. The tube is configured to crush to absorb impact energy upon an axial or near axial load.

A semiconductor light emitting device can include a base having a cavity provided for housing an LED chip and a resin spacer therein. The resin spacer can be composed of at least two layers of spacers including a transparent resin spacer and a wavelength conversion spacer mixed with a fluorescent material and formed to have an almost constant thickness. The wavelength conversion spacer can include a metallic radiation mesh or radiation wire disposed therein.

The invention provides an illumination device (1) comprising a lighting unit (2). The lighting unit (2) comprises a light source (100) and a substantially flat light guide (200), arranged to collimate light source light (111). The light guide (200) has an entrance window (210), an edge window (220), a first light guide surface (201), a second light guide surface (202), a first side edge (230) and a second side edge (240). One or more of the first light guide surface (201) and the second light guide surface (202) comprise a plurality of grooves (300). In this way, latitudinal collimation is obtained.

A light module (1) suitable for use as a landing light for an airplane is disclosed, using an elongated array (2) of light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the light source. Light from the LEDs is directed toward a transparent cover (3). The cover (3) may include a plano-convex lens (4) at its center for nominally collimating the light from the LEDs. The cover (3) may also include a generally featureless peripheral region laterally circumferentially surrounding the lens (4). A faceted reflecting surface (6) having a generally parabolic base curvature (8) may extend circumferentially around a longitudinal axis of the landing light from the LEDs to the cover (3). Light exiting the LEDs at a relatively high angle of exitance reflects off the faceted reflecting surface (6) and transmits through the generally featureless peripheral region of the cover (3).

The fluid-flow device (100) of the invention comprises a stack (30) covered by a closure wafer (20), said stack (30) comprising a support wafer (36), a layer of insulating material (34), and a silicon layer (32). The closure wafer (20) and/or said silicon layer (32) are machined so as to define a cavity (38) between said closure wafer (20) and said silicon layer (32), said support wafer (36) has at least one duct (102) passing right through it, said layer of insulating material (34) presenting at least one zone (35) that is entirely free of material placed at least in line with said duct (102) so as to co-operate with said cavity (38) to define a moving member (40) in said silicon layer (32), the moving member being suitable under the pressure of liquid in said cavity (38) for reversibly moving towards said support wafer (36) until contact is made between said moving member (40) and said support wafer (36).

A CMP pad conditioner including: (a) a disk-shaped substrate having a working surface which is provided by one of its axially opposite end surfaces and which is to be brought into contact with the CMP pad; and (b) abrasive grains which are fixed to the working surface. The substrate includes a radially inner portion and a radially outer portion which is located radially outwardly of the radially inner portion. The working surface in the radially outer portion is inclined with respect to the working surface in the radially inner portion, such that a thickness of the radially outer portion as measured in an axial direction of the substrate is reduced as viewed in a direction away from an axis of the substrate toward a periphery of the substrate. A ratio of an outside diameter of the radially inner portion to an outside diameter of the substrate is 60-85%.

A CMP apparatus is provided with a polishing pad, a film thickness sensor for measuring a thickness of a film being polished on a wafer via the polishing pad, a polishing pad thickness measuring unit for measuring the thickness of the polishing pad, a dresser for dressing the polishing pad, and a polishing control unit for switching polishing conditions in response to a fact that an output value from the film thickness sensor has exceeded a threshold value. The polishing control unit has a memory unit for storing a threshold value corresponding to the thickness of the polishing pad after dressing when the polishing pad is dressed.

The present invention relates to toric-shaped see through lenses used in eyewear. The lenses have a substantially constant thickness and having base curve with a substantially constant radius of curvature of at least 15 mm and preferably in the range of 19-23 mm. The toric lenses may be supported in a frame formed of either rigid or flexible material and attached to a strap assembly adaptable to be worn by the user. Optionally, each of the lenses may be supported by a flanged member and ventilation passages preferably extending through the frame and/or the lenses to allow air to circulate around the lenses.

Electroluminescent panels for use in battery operated devices comprise a driver circuit and a plurality of panel regions having a capacitance. Each panel region has a substitute capacitor with a capacitance substantially equal to the capacitance of the panel region concerned. The driver circuit switches between the panel region and the substitute capacitor, switching the panel region on and off. The capacitance of the load on the driver circuit does not change. The electroluminescent panels can have an elimination layer that eliminates noise produced by the emission layer in operation caused by changes in emission layer thickness. The elimination layer is added to the panel and operated in phase opposition to the emission layer. Changes in layer thickness occurring in operation in the emission layer are offset by changes in thickness in the elimination layer. Thus, the overall thickness of the panel is constant.

A liquid crystal display includes a first display panel including a first substrate, and first and second color filters disposed on the first substrate and adjacent to each other, a second display panel including a second substrate facing the first display panel and a first spacer disposed on the second substrate, and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first and second display panels. The first color filter includes a first protrusion protruded toward and overlapped with the second color filter. The first spacer faces the first protrusion, and the first and second display panels contact each other at a location area of the first spacer.