327results about How to "Low conversion efficiency" patented technology

Catalysts comprised of at least one catalytically active element and at least one helper catalyst are disclosed. The catalysts may be used to increase the rate, the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These catalysts may be useful for a variety of chemical reactions including in particular the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to formic acid.

A multi-phase power source device capable of easily changing the number of phases is realized. For example, a plurality of drive units POL[1]-POL[4] corresponding to the number of phases are provided, wherein each POL[n] receives a phase input signal PHI[n] serving as a pulse signal, and generates a phase output signal PHO[n] by delaying PHI[n] by a predetermined cycles of a clock signal CLK. PHI[n] and PHO[n] of each POL[n] are coupled in a ring, wherein each POL[n] performs a switching operation with PHI[n] or PHO[n] as a starting point. In this case, each POL[n] charges and discharges a capacitor Cct commonly coupled to each POL[n] with an equal current, and a frequency of CLK is determined based on this charge and discharge rate. That is, if the number of phases increases n times, the frequency of CLK will be automatically controlled to n times.

A fluorescent conversion medium including: fluorescent particles including semiconductor nanocrystals, the particles absorbing visible light to emit fluorescence of a different wavelength, and a transparent medium holding the fluorescent particles dispersed therein, and satisfying 0.4<C·d / r3<5.0 wherein r is the average diameter (unit: nm) of the fluorescent particles, d is the film thickness (unit: μm) of the fluorescent conversion medium, and C is the volume ratio (unit: vol %) of the fluorescent particles to the fluorescent conversion medium.

A non-linear, high efficiency thermoelectricity generator assembly contains disk shaped thermoelectric cells electrically connected in series to each other. The assembly may be used as a generator of electricity or as a cooling apparatus. In the electricity generating mode an external heat source is required. In the cooling mode, a power source is required to provide the necessary electrical energy.

Catalysts that include at least one catalytically active element and one helper catalyst can be used to increase the rate or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. The helper catalyst can simultaneously act as a director molecule, suppressing undesired reactions and thus increasing selectivity toward the desired reaction. These catalysts can be useful for a variety of chemical reactions including, in particular, the electrochemical conversion of CO2 or formic acid. The catalysts can also suppress H2 evolution, permitting electrochemical cell operation at potentials below RHE. Chemical processes and devices using the catalysts are also disclosed, including processes to produce CO, OH−, HCO−, H2CO, (HCO2)−, H2CO2, CH3OH, CH4, C2H4, CH3CH2OH, CH3COO−, CH3COOH, C2H6, O2, H2, (COOH)2, or (COO−)2, and a specific device, namely, a CO2 sensor.

Electrochemical devices for converting carbon dioxide to useful reaction products include a solid or a liquid with a specific pH and / or water content. Chemical processes using the devices are also disclosed, including processes to produce CO, HCO−, H2CO, (HCO2), H2CO2, CH3OH, CH4, C2H4, CH3CH2OH, CH3COO−, CH3COOH, C2H6, (COOH)2, (COO−)2, acrylic acid, diphenyl carbonate, other carbonates, other organic acids and synthetic fuels. The electrochemical device can be a CO2 sensor.

A DC-DC converter having conversion efficiency that is not lowered by input voltage change. A mode control circuit of the DC-DC converter monitors the input voltage, output voltage generated from the input voltage, and output current. The output current changes in accordance with the output voltage. Based on the input voltage, output voltage, and consumption current of a controller of the DC-DC converter, the mode control circuit generates a signal that is in accordance with load current in which efficiency of a switching regulator and efficiency of a linear regulator are substantially the same. The mode control circuit further compares a signal corresponding to the output current and the signal that is in accordance with the load current to generate a mode control signal. The controller operates the DC-DC converter as the switching regulator or the linear regulator in accordance with the mode control signal.

A power MOS-FET is used as a high side switch transistor for a non-insulated DC / DC converter. An electrode section that serves as a source terminal of the power MOS-FET is connected to one outer lead and two outer leads via bonding wires respectively. The outer lead is an external terminal connected to a path for driving the gate. Each of the outer leads is an external terminal connected to a main current path. Owing to the connection of the main current path and the gate driving path in discrete form, the influence of parasitic inductance can be reduced and voltage conversion efficiency can be improved.

Embodiments of this invention relate generally to high temperature thermal energy storage, and more specifically, to the use of the latent heat of fusion of melting and solidifying metals to receive from and provide heat to a gaseous medium. Embodiments of this invention are also known as the Liquid Metal Thermal Storage system or LIMETS. Also described are methods of containing the storage material, heat transfer means, and choices of metals and alloys for thermal storage materials.

Photoelectric conversion elements suitable for various applications and related components, and methods associated therewith, are described. A photoelectric conversion element may include a catalyst layer having at least two portions that are spaced from one another, and a current collector having a tip portion that extends toward or within the space between portions of the catalyst layer. A photoelectric conversion element may also include a semiconductor layer disposed a distance of between about 5 microns and about 20 microns away from the catalyst layer.

The invention discloses a gallium and indium doped single crystal silicon material for a solar battery, which consists of the following components according to atom number per cubic centimeter of the single crystal silicon material: 1.0X10<14> to 1.0X10<18> gallium, 5.0X10<12> to 5.0x10<16> indium and the balance of single crystal silicon. The invention also discloses a method for preparing the gallium and indium doped single crystal silicon material for the solar battery, which is implemented by the following steps of: dismantling a furnace by using a regular method, cleaning a hearth and assembling the furnace; vacuumizing the inside of a single crystal furnace and detecting the leakage of the single crystal furnace by using a regular method; pressuring materials and smelting the materials; stabilizing the melt; seeding crystals; performing shouldering; performing shoulder rotation; performing isodiametric growth; performing ending and cooling the obtained product; and stopping the furnace. The gallium and indium doped single crystal silicon material for the solar battery has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, low light attenuation, low oxide content in the single crystal silicon and uniform radial distribution in a single crystal silicon rod; and the preparation method of the invention effectively controls the thermal conversion of silicon melt and grows the high-quality gallium and indium doped single crystal silicon material for the solar battery.

According to one configuration, a power supply circuit includes an inductor, a monitor circuit, a storage resource, and a processor circuit. The inductor resides in a phase of the power supply and conveys current to a load. The monitor circuit monitors and samples the voltage of a node in the power supply. The voltage of the node may be a sawtooth or ramp waveform sampled by the monitor circuit. A magnitude of the voltage at the node varies depending on an amount of current passing through the inductor to the load. The monitor circuit initiates storage of at least one sample in a storage resource. A processor circuit utilizes the multiple sample voltages stored in the storage resource to produce a value indicative of the amount of average current conveyed through the inductor to the load.

A optical parameter chirp pulse amplification laser system, includes a titanium gem femtosecond mode-locking pulse oscillator, a first splitting film, a CEP steady signal pulse source, an OPCPA synchronous pumping source, an OPCPA amplifier stage and compressor. In the output beam direction of the titanium gem femtosecond mode-locking pulse oscillator is the first splitting film, which divides a laser beam into a transmission light beam and a reflection light beam, and in the said transmission light beam is said CEP steady signal pulse source, OPCPA amplifier stage and compressor in order. The said CEP steady signal pulse source comprises a photonic crystal optical fiber, a chirp mirror, a period polarization lithium niobate crystal and a stretcher; said OPCPA amplifier stage comprises a first two-tone mirror, a first nonlinear crystal, a second two-tone mirror and a second nonlinear crystal; said OPCPA synchronous pumping source comprises a Q-tuning frequency-multiplier YAG laser, a narrowband titanium gem regenerating amplifier and a second splitting film, and a holophote. The invention apparatus may get a near-infrared ultrashort laser pulse output with a pulse width less than 30 femtoseconds.

The invention discloses a voltage zero-crossing detecting circuit. The circuit comprises PMOS (P-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistors m1, m2 and m3, NMOS (N-channel Metal Oxide Semiconductor) transistors m5, m6, Ms0 and Ms1, a reference current source I0, a resistor R0 and a phase inverter. The voltage zero-crossing detecting circuit can also comprise a serial connection branch circuit which comprises a PMOS transistor m4 and an NMOS transistor m7. The invention also discloses a DC-DC converter with the voltage zero-crossing detecting circuit, which comprises a power transistor mp, a synchronous rectifying transistor mn, an inductor L, a capacitor Cout, a power supply voltage and a feedback control loop. The invention balances the time delay of logic units, such as the feedback control loop, and the like by a simple circuit, saves the cost, improves the reliability and is suitable for the application of a portable product.

A white LED assembly includes a blue LED die attached to a substrate. A first volume of a first luminescent material surrounds the blue LED die in a lateral dimension such that none of the first luminescent material is disposed directly over the blue LED die. The first luminescent material includes a relatively inefficient phosphor having a peak emission wavelength longer than 620 nm and includes substantially no phosphor having a peak emission wavelength shorter than 620 nm. A second volume of a second luminescent material is disposed over the first volume and the blue LED die. The second luminescent material includes a relatively efficient phosphor having a peak emission wavelength shorter than 620 nm and includes substantially no phosphor having a peak emission wavelength longer than 620 nm. Placement of the first and second luminescent materials in this way promotes removal of heat from the inefficient phosphor and reduces the likelihood of interabsorption.

It is an object of the invention to achieve weight saving and downsizing of an electronic apparatus, in particular a portable electronic apparatus while enlarging a display screen thereof. The invention provides an electronic apparatus using a light emitting device which includes a light emitting element, a color filter provided on either side of an anode or a cathode of the light emitting element, and two polarizers sandwiching the light emitting element and the color filter, in which the anode and the cathode transmit light, deflection angles of the two polarizers are different from each other, and light obtained from the light emitting element is white.

Electrocatalysts for carbon dioxide conversion include at least one catalytically active element with a particle size above 0.6 nm. The electrocatalysts can also include a Helper Catalyst. The catalysts can be used to increase the rate, modify the selectivity or lower the overpotential of electrochemical conversion of CO2. Chemical processes and devices using the catalysts also include processes to produce CO, HCO−, H2CO, (HCO2)−, H2CO2, CH3OH, CH4, C2H4, CH3CH2OH, CH3COO−, CH3COOH, C2H6, (COOH)2, or (COO−)2, and a specific device, namely, a CO2 sensor.

A power factor correction controller simultaneously controls several power converters to be operated at a critical conduction mode to improve the overall conversion efficiency and conversion power of the power factor corrector. The controller includes a primary power converter control circuit for feeding back an input voltage signal, an output voltage signal and a primary current signal, and outputting a primary gate control signal for controlling a primary power switch; at least one secondary power converter control circuit for receiving the primary gate control signal and outputting a secondary gate control signal for controlling a secondary power switch; and a phase splitter circuit for receiving the primary gate control signal to control a gate output driving circuit, so that the gate output driving circuit outputs the secondary gate control signal.

An incandescent lamp color light emitting diode lamp comprises a semiconductor blue light emitting diode chip having a center emission wavelength in a range of from 400 nm to 480 nm and a phosphor that absorbs light emitted from the diode chip to emit light having a different wavelength than the light emitted from the diode chip. The phosphor is represented by a general formula of Mp(Si, Al)12(O, N)16:Eu2+q. The main phase is an α-SiAlON phosphor having an α SiAlON structure, wherein M is at least one element of Ca, Y, Mg, Li, Sc, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Sr and p is from 0.75 to 1.0; and q is between 0.02 and 0.09. The diode lamp emits light having an emission color produced by a mixture of the light emitted from the semiconductor blue light emitting and the light emitted from the α-SiAlON. The chromaticity range thereof falls within the range defined by chromaticity coordinates (x, y) of (0.4775, 0.4283), (0.4594, 0.3971), (0.4348, 0.4185), and (0.4214, 0.3887) on the XYZ chromaticity diagram.

A DCDC converter includes a control circuit, a transistor in which switching is controlled by being supplied voltage output from the control circuit to a gate electrode of the transistor, a voltage conversion portion in which supply of input voltage is controlled by the switching of the transistor and output power commensurate with duty ratio of the switching of the transistor, and a detection circuit detecting the output power. Further, the control circuit includes a control signal generation circuit generating a control signal with a pulse voltage waveform and a selection circuit applying voltage of the control signal to the gate electrode in the case where current detected by the detection circuit is the same as or exceeds the threshold value and applying voltage for turning on the transistor to the gate electrode in the case where the current detected by the detection circuit falls below the threshold value.

A process for reducing the poling field of congruent grown LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 crystal-based nonlinear optical devices and for the production of domain structures with precise reproducibility of the main parameters by depositing a thin layer of a stechiometric LiNbO3 film on the Z-face of a congruent LiNbO3 or LiTaO3 wafer. A new domain nucleation, evolution and stabilization process is provided to afford a uniform, short period domain superstructure for the conversion of near infra-red light to near ultraviolet, blue and green light

Photoacoustic measurements utilize emitted light to generate an acoustic response in tissue, with the acoustic response being proportional to the presence of an absorber of the light in the tissue. The present disclosure relates the use of focused light to acquire photoacoustic measurements. In one embodiment, the light is modulated, such as spatially modulated, such that the light may be focused within an otherwise scattering medium, such as tissue.

A technique for suppressing lowering of withstand voltage and lowering of breakdown resistance and reducing a feedback capacitance of a power MISFET is provided. A lateral power MISFET that comprises a trench region whose insulating layer is formed shallower than an HV-Nwell layer is provided in the HV-Nwell layer (drift region) formed on a main surface of a semiconductor substrate in a direction from the main surface to the inside. The lateral power MISFET has an arrangement on a plane of the main surface including a source layer (source region) and a drain layer (drain region) arranged at opposite sides to each other across a gate electrode (first conducting layer), and a dummy gate electrode (second conducting layer) that is different from the gate electrode is arranged between the gate electrode and the drain layer.

Catalyst mixtures include at least one Catalytically Active Element and, as a separate constituent, one Helper Catalyst. The catalysts can be used to increase the rate, modify the selectivity or lower the overpotential of chemical reactions. These catalysts are useful for a variety of chemical reactions including, in particular, the electrochemical conversion of CO2. Chemical processes employing these catalysts produce CO, OH−, HCO−, H2CO, (HCO2)−, H2CO2, CH3OH, CH4, C2H4, CH3CH2OH, CH3COO−, CH3COOH, C2H6, O2, H2, (COOH)2, or (COO−)2. Devices using the catalysts include, for example, a CO2 sensor.

A method for an intrinsic type microcrystalline silicon layer is provided. In one embodiment, the microcrystalline silicon layer is fabricated by providing a substrate into a processing chamber, supplying a gas mixture into the processing chamber, applying a RF power at a first mode in the gas mixture, pulsing the gas mixture into the processing chamber, and applying the RF power at a second mode in the pulsed gas mixture.