The invention discloses a modular fruit and vegetable sorting device. The modular fruit and vegetable sorting device comprises a circular tray conveying module and further comprises a fruit and vegetable bearing tray, a feeding module, a detecting module, a hierarchical control module, a fruit discharging conveying module, a tray recognition system and a control system. The feeding module, the detecting module, the hierarchical control module and the fruit discharging conveying module are sequentially arranged and form closed circulation through the circular tray conveying module. The fruit and vegetable bearing tray is provided with a recognition tag to be recognized by the tray recognition system, the tray recognition system is arranged on the detecting module, and the control system isconnected with the tray recognition system and the hierarchical control module. By means of the modular fruit and vegetable sorting device, on the one hand, precise sorting of multiple fruits and vegetables is achieved, a user can set the detecting module according to different detection requirements, and sorting of the multiple fruits and vegetables is achieved; and on the other hand, installation positions, sizes and the like of the modules can be adjusted according to situations of different places, and the design flexibility, the universality and the modular degree of the whole structure are improved.