The invention discloses a method for synthesizing trans-4-alkylcyclohexyl benzene structure liquid crystal intermediates and monomers and belongs to the technical field of trans-cyclohexyl benzene liquid crystal. The method comprises the following steps: taking a compound with a structural formula shown in the specification as a raw material, carrying out a wittig reaction with a ylide reagent, controlling the reaction temperature to be 50 DEG C below zero to 70 DEG C, and reacting for 1-12 hours; performing catalytic hydrogenation on the obtained reaction product so as to directly obtain substituted 4-alkylcyclohexyl benzene with a high trans-ratio, wherein the structural formula is as shown in the specification; R is C1-C7 straight-chain paraffin; Y1 and Y2 are fluorine or hydrogen but not simultaneously fluorine; when A is hydrogen, the synthesized product is the liquid crystal intermediate; when A is cyano, ethyoxyl, 3,4,5-trifluoro-phenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-propyl phenyl or (3,4,5-trifluoro-phenyl) difluoromethoxy, the synthesized product is the liquid crystal monomer. The synthetic method disclosed by the invention is simple and high-efficiency, a trans-form is directly obtained by the reaction, the trans-selectivity is high, and the condition that a cis-trans mixture is obtained after catalytic hydrogenation and subjected to further cyclohexyl configuration inversion in the traditional method is avoided.