The invention discloses an experimental device and an experimental method for measuring roadway ventilation thermal resistance in a mine fire period. The experimental device comprises a ventilator, afirst steel pipe, a combustion furnace, an electric heating pipe, a holding furnace, an inlet wind speed sensor, an inlet pressure sensor, an inlet temperature and humidity sensor, a second steel pipe, an outlet wind speed sensor, an outlet temperature and humidity sensor, an outlet pressure sensor, a pressure acquisition module, a temperature and humidity acquisition module, a wind speed acquisition module, a data storage module and a temperature rise control module. The experimental method for measuring roadway ventilation thermal resistance in the mine fire period comprises the steps of: step 1, establishing the experimental device; step 2, checking whether the connection of the experimental device is normal, and checking sealing performance; step 3, igniting combustibles, and storing data; step 4, heating by using an electric heating pipe, and recording data; step 5, arranging experimental data; step 6, and drawing a curve. The experimental device and the experimental method are ofgreat significance to formulating underground disaster prevention measures for mines and selecting ventilation decisions and disaster avoidance routes in catastrophe periods.