The invention discloses a fine coal microwave medium intensified magnetic separation cleaning system and a fine coal microwave medium intensified magnetic separation cleaning process. The process comprises the following steps: preparing materials, performing microwave pretreatment, performing magnetic separation, desulfurization and ash fall, and recovering the magnetic medium; allowing coal to be selected to enter a coal mill for milling the coal, feeding the coal into a pulverized coal bin, feeding the powdered coal and the magnetic medium into a mixing barrel for uniformly stirring and mixing; allowing the mixed materials to enter a buffer bin, allowing the materials to enter microwave treatment equipment for performing pretreatment, treating organic sulfur removed from the coal through a gas trapping treatment device, allowing the materials subjected to the microwave pretreatment to enter a first-section strong magnetic separation machine for performing magnetic separation, allowing the tailings to enter a second-section strong magnetic separation machine for separating again, allowing the tailings to enter a clean coal bin, and allowing the first and second section strong magnetic separation concentrate to enter a first-section weak magnetic separation machine for performing magnetic separation; and allowing the concentrate to enter a second-section weak magnetic separation machine for performing magnetic separation, returning the concentrate back to a magnetic medium barrel for recycling, and allowing the first and second section weak magnetic separation tailings to enter a tailing bin. According to the system and the process, simplicity is realized, the rout is reasonable, the treatment capacity is high and the operation is stable, and environmental pollution caused by fire coal can be effectively alleviated.