The invention discloses a ring illuminator and a fusion recognition method utilizing ring illuminator illumination based on the shape, the grain and the weight of a tool. The ring illuminator and the fusion recognition method utilizing the ring illuminator illumination based on the shape, the grain and the weight of the tool are used for solving the technical problem that an existing ring illuminator cannot accurately obtain all the grain information of the tool. According to the technical scheme, the ring illuminator is composed of a main light source and a back light source, the main light source is composed of four concentric circle light emitting bands which are fixed to a base plate and are formed by LED point light sources, the light emitting bands are composed of LEDs with equal distances, and rotation invariance is maintained for the shot tool grain. The back light source is composed of a supporting plate a diffuse reflection plate, a box body, light sources and a reflecting layer. The box body is made of PVC plates, the reflecting layer is a reflecting film, the reflecting film is evenly attached to the inner surface of the box body, the LEDs are evenly arranged on the lower bottom plate of the box body at intervals to form the light sources, the diffuse reflection plate is arranged above the light sources and below the supporting plate, scattering light beams which are low in luminance and good in uniformity are generated, the shadow effect of the tool under natural light is eliminated, and all the grain information of the tool is obtained.